"How the Crash Will Reshape America" by Richard Florida, Atlantic Magazine, Volume 303, No. 2, March 2009
In "How the Crash Will Reshape America" Richard Florida tells readers no place in the United States will escape the long and deep recession he sees ahead, but the keyword in the title is "Reshape." At the end of the introductory paragraphs he predicts recession and decline spreading outward from New York to Detroit and the Sun Belt in a way that will permanently alter, or reshape, America’s economic landscape. In apocalyptic words, he writes, " … it will permanently and profoundly alter the country’s economic landscape . I believe it marks the end of a chapter in American economic history, and indeed, the end of a whole way of life."
The article runs 8 pages, which is long enough to develop and explain thesis predictions. After the brief introduction, material divided into 7 sub-headings develops his thesis: place matters in economic growth with the advantage going to a discrete number of mega-regions around the world. He argues place matters in economic geography because some cities and regions have an advantage in attracting highly educated people.
Little is said about mega-regions around the world, but Florida takes readers around the United States: New York, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Charlotte, Los Angeles, San Jose, Phoenix. Mostly he tells readers how these areas once prospered doing things that will no longer generate growth. Phoenix, for example, relied too much on real estate.
In the third section he tells readers educational attainment shows "Cities like Seattle, San Francisco, Austin, Raleigh and Boston now have two to three times the college graduates of Akron or Buffalo."
Florida does not cite data on educational attainment, nor do much to develop educational attainment, nor develop his earlier suggestion that cities with highly educated people will have an advantage in the future. Instead, he tells readers about a pioneering theory of urban evolution by a multidisciplinary team of researchers at the Santa Fe Institute. Their theory is called "urban metabolism." These researchers found that trends in innovation, patent activity, wages, and GDP are the opposite of biological organisms; they tend to grow faster as they get bigger. Florida quotes the Santa Fe Institute: "the larger a city’s population, the greater the innovation and wealth creation per person." Further he concludes "Places like New York with finance and media, Los Angeles with film and music, and Silicon Valley with high tech are all examples of high-metabolism places."
There are a few policy suggestions by the closing page. He wants to remove subsidies for home ownership, which he argues restricts mobility and uses resources that would be better used in medical technology, software and alternative energy. He predicts jobs will cluster in a smaller number of bigger cities so he favors making these elite cities more attractive and affordable. Decline in other areas cannot be stopped and it would be foolish to try.
For an article that starts out with bold assertions and a bold prediction I reached the end feeling disappointed. Forecasting growth for “high metabolism places” has a trendy ring, but I am from the old school where people move out of low wage places with declining jobs to go to higher wage places with more jobs. I can agree with Mr. Florida: the crash will "Reshape" America. I am still unsure how.
Friday, February 27, 2009
Tuesday, February 24, 2009
Savings and Layoffs
The superintendent at my local school district has announced plans for upcoming layoffs to save money caused by a budget shortfall. He plans to layoff one from office staff and one from the janitorial staff at each school. They expect to enlarge class size to cut back on teachers.
Layoffs put people into the job market adding to job seekers and making it easier for employers to offer lower wages. We might call that the obvious effect, but savings from layoffs have another effect: an increase in uncompensated work.
Teachers have never been hourly rated employees. Phrasing in teacher contracts assures long work hours. “Teacher shall perform such duties as deemed necessary, shall attend all assigned meetings, shall be present at school during school hours, shall be present at school or other location outside school hours as directed in connection with school events or activities.”
With a contract clause like that school officials can save money giving teachers more students and more work, like suggesting they may need to empty a few wastebaskets and fill out or file a few extra forms; work formally done by those laid off janitors and office staff.
Overtime pay rules in the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act require time and a half pay for hourly rated employees working over 40 hours a week. However, over the last 8 years many new exemptions and amendments were made to overtime work rules. Executive, administrative, professional and outside sales employees paid on a salary basis can be exempted from over time pay. The new rules can be found on the U.S. Department of Labor website.
The 40-hour work week has been the standard full time workweek for more than eighty years, but pressuring people to work additional hours makes it easier to turn layoffs into a permanent loss of jobs.
The worst abuses are apparently in the managerial ranks where the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports a decline 2 million managerial jobs at establishments since 1999. Managerial jobs for 1999 are reported at 8,063,410; managerial jobs for 2007 are reported at 6,003,930. Three people working 40 hours a week equals two people working 60 hours a week but with a one-third savings in labor costs.
My superintendent’s cost cutting plan comes right as the Congress debates billions of dollars in bailouts for defaulting homeowners, bankrupting car companies and failing banks. Maybe they could pass of few million along to my school district, but it will not matter much unless they get to the real problem: wages and employment. They could start with the Fair Labor Standards Act and fix those destructive overtime rules.
Layoffs put people into the job market adding to job seekers and making it easier for employers to offer lower wages. We might call that the obvious effect, but savings from layoffs have another effect: an increase in uncompensated work.
Teachers have never been hourly rated employees. Phrasing in teacher contracts assures long work hours. “Teacher shall perform such duties as deemed necessary, shall attend all assigned meetings, shall be present at school during school hours, shall be present at school or other location outside school hours as directed in connection with school events or activities.”
With a contract clause like that school officials can save money giving teachers more students and more work, like suggesting they may need to empty a few wastebaskets and fill out or file a few extra forms; work formally done by those laid off janitors and office staff.
Overtime pay rules in the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act require time and a half pay for hourly rated employees working over 40 hours a week. However, over the last 8 years many new exemptions and amendments were made to overtime work rules. Executive, administrative, professional and outside sales employees paid on a salary basis can be exempted from over time pay. The new rules can be found on the U.S. Department of Labor website.
The 40-hour work week has been the standard full time workweek for more than eighty years, but pressuring people to work additional hours makes it easier to turn layoffs into a permanent loss of jobs.
The worst abuses are apparently in the managerial ranks where the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports a decline 2 million managerial jobs at establishments since 1999. Managerial jobs for 1999 are reported at 8,063,410; managerial jobs for 2007 are reported at 6,003,930. Three people working 40 hours a week equals two people working 60 hours a week but with a one-third savings in labor costs.
My superintendent’s cost cutting plan comes right as the Congress debates billions of dollars in bailouts for defaulting homeowners, bankrupting car companies and failing banks. Maybe they could pass of few million along to my school district, but it will not matter much unless they get to the real problem: wages and employment. They could start with the Fair Labor Standards Act and fix those destructive overtime rules.
Sunday, February 15, 2009
Featured Jobs
Featured Job from November 11, 2010 Physical Therapy with Previous featured jobs
Physical Therapy -
Physical therapy services are part of health care that is delivered by people working in three occupations: Physical Therapists, Physical Therapist Assistants and Physical Therapist Aides. The three and their Standard Occupational Classification codes are defined below.
29-1123 Physical Therapists
Assess, plan, organize, and participate in rehabilitative programs that improve mobility, relieve pain, increase strength, and decrease or prevent deformity of patients suffering from disease or injury.
31-2021 Physical Therapist Assistants
Assist physical therapists in providing physical therapy treatments and procedures. May, in accordance with State laws, assist in the development of treatment plans, carry out routine functions, document the progress of treatment, and modify specific treatments in accordance with patient status and within the scope of treatment plans established by a physical therapist. Generally requires formal training.
31-2022 Physical Therapist Aides
Under close supervision of a physical therapist or physical therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing the patient and the treatment area.
Physical therapists need a license that usually requires a master's degree for entry. Around 85 percent work in health care, 5 percent in education and a few try to work as self employed. Physical therapy assistants and aides are tied to working for, or with, physical therapists. Physical therapy assistants do not have specific educational requirements and only about 20 percent have a BA degree or above in any field.
Physical therapy services are like many services in and out of health care in that the occupational definition and work of physical therapist establishes that physical therapists can do all of the work of physical therapy assistants and physical therapy aides. Physical therapy assistants can do all the work of physical therapy aides. Employers have the financial incentive to limit the work of physical therapists to that part of physical therapy that requires the training and license of a physical therapist. By splitting the work into more specialized parts they can hire much cheaper assistants and aides to do the other work and limit the number of jobs they must have for the higher paid work. That goes on in millions of America's jobs.
National employment as physical therapists reached 174,490 as of 2009, which the Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies as a job needing at least BA degree skills. Jobs are up by an average of 6,009 a year since 2000 with a growth rate far below the national average. Physical therapy assistants had 63,250 jobs in 2009 with jobs up an average of 2,181 a year since 2000 and a growth rate above the national average. Physical therapy aides had 44,160 jobs with jobs up an average of 1,606 a year and growth above the national average.
In general physical therapy degree training is either BA, or usually MA, but any degree training for an assistant might be an associates degree in some allied health program. Expect though that no one wants to do physical therapy degree training to be a physical therapy assistant. There is no AA degree in physical therapy as such, but various exercise and health degrees. Therefore, much of the work of the assistant is on the job training. The physical therapy aide job is dead end work by itself.
Job growth is not the only measure of new hiring. Job openings equal job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth. Job openings for physical therapists have been averaging around 7,860 per year in recent years; openings for physical therapy assistants are expected to average 3,050 a year; for physical therapy aides 2,340 a year.
Averages are not used much in wage data. A few high wages pull up the average and make it unrepresentative. Instead a distribution range of wages is published with the 10th, 25th, median, 75th, and 90th percentiles of wages. A 10th percentile wage means 10 percent working in this job have wages equal to or less than the 10th percentile wage and so on. Annual wages are converted to hourly wages by dividing annual by 2,080.
The entry wage in the 10th percentile for physical therapists is reported as $52,170 in 2009. The median wage is $74,480, and the 90th percentile wage is $105,900. Yearly reported wage increases barely keep up with inflation especially in the higher range of salary. Buying power is about the same or a little less over the last 7 to 8 years.
The entry wage in the 10th percentile for physical therapy assistants is reported as $30,400 in 2009. The median wage is $48,290, and the 90th percentile wage is $66,460. Yearly reported wage have been keeping up with inflation. Buying power is up moderately over the last 7 to 8 years.
The entry wage in the 10th percentile for physical therapy aides is reported as $17,330 in 2009. The median wage is $28,890, and the 90th percentile wage is $34,100. Yearly reported wage increases are not keeping up with inflation. Buying power is about the same or a little lower over the last 7 to 8 years.
New BA, MA and doctorate degrees in Physical Therapy are part of 11 different Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professional degree specialties and those 11 are part of 164 degree programs in health professions and related clinical sciences. BA degrees in physical therapy programs totaled 584 for the year ending 2008. The total is down from the recent high of 778 degrees in 2005. However, the MA degree and Doctorate degree are more important than a BA degree in physical therapy. The MA degree had 1,924 graduates in the year ending June 2008, but that was down from 4,687 in 2002. The doctorate degree had 5,707 degrees in the year ending June 2008, but that was up from 966 in 2001. Therefore the doctorate degree is replacing other physical therapy degrees as the education level for physical therapy.
Physical therapist is just one of hundreds of jobs using college degree skills. For other degrees and other jobs see the College Jobs Review.
Previous Featured Jobs
-------------------------------
Computer Software Engineers, Applications - May 5, 2010
America employs Computer Software Engineers to develop, create, and modify general computer applications software or specialized utility programs. Analyze user needs and develop software solutions. Design software or customize software for client use with the aim of optimizing operational efficiency. May analyze and design databases within an application area, working individually or coordinating database development as part of a team. May work on both Research and Development software as well as non R & D software. Computer Software Engineers, Applications are one of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifications, 15-1031, but they are also known as applications developer, programmer analyst, or software designer. They are different jobs from Computer Software Engineers, System Software, and also different from Computer Hardware Engineers.
Computer Software Engineers for Applications have at least a few hundred jobs in nearly every sector of the economy so anyone with these skills should expect to work in every sector of the economy. Job concentrations occur in Computer systems design, one of the professional service industries, with a third of the jobs, finance and insurance with 10 percent of jobs, and software publishers with a little under 8 percent. Manufacturing firms employ 10 percent of Computer Software Engineers for Applications but spread among all manufacturing sub sectors.
There are 494 thousand working as Computer Software Engineers for Applications in 2008, which the Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies as a job needing a minimum of BA degree skills. The total does not include college faculty, which is considered a separate occupation titled, computer science teachers, post secondary. Around 32.5 thousand teach college Computer Science and a master degree is most likely a necessary requirement here.
Jobs are up but only an average of 14,940 a year since 2000 with a growth rate far above the national average. Job growth is expected to be 17.5 thousand a year for the next 5 to 10 years.
Job growth is not the only measure of new hiring. Job openings equal job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth. Job openings for computer software engineers for applications have been averaging around 26.6 thousand per year in recent years, but they are projected to be around 21.8 thousand per year over the next 5 to 10 years.
The entry wage for Computer Software Engineers for Applications is reported as $53,720 in 2008, which is also the 10th percentile wage. The median wage is $85,340, and the 90th percentile wage is $128,870. Yearly reported wage increases kept up with inflation with real wages up modestly in the median range through 2004, but falling a percent or two up to 2008. Buying power crept up more at the lower 10th and 25th percentiles, but not at all at the 90th percentile. The 90th percentile wage is 2.4 times the entry level wage, or 10th percentile wage, which implies there is opportunity for advancement.
New BA degrees in computing are part of 10 different Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services specialties and those 10 are part of 22 degree programs in Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services. BA degrees in Computer Science programs totaled 42,170 for the year ending 2007. The latest total is down from 47,299 degrees in 2001 and also down from 59,488 in 2004. The biggest share of these degrees are general survey courses in information systems and computer science and not specifically for computer software engineers for applications. There were also 16,232 masters degrees and 1,595 doctorates in the computer science programs.
The number of annual graduates in computer science across the 22 degree programs is more than the number of job openings for computer software engineers for applications, but it is only one of 9 computer occupations with employment of 100 thousand or more. The total of computer graduates lags behind the number of job openings for the 8 computer occupations defined in the Standard Occupational Classification that use BA degree skills, and another occupation, computer support specialist. To the extent that computer degree holders can find computing jobs from a variety of degree programs, there are more openings than degree holders.
Computer Software Engineer for Application is just one of 114 entry level jobs using BA degree skills. For other degrees and other jobs see the College Jobs Review.
-------------------------------
Chemists - March 1, 2010
America employs chemists to conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses or chemical experiments in laboratories for quality or process control or to develop new products or knowledge. Chemists are one of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifications, 19-2031, but they are also known as inorganic chemists or chemical analyst. Chemist is a separate occupation from other occupations that use a chemistry skills such as Chemical engineer, 17-2041 and biochemists, 19-1021.
Almost all manufacturing firms hire a few chemists and 41.8 percent of those employed as chemists work in manufacturing. The Chemical manufacturing industry employs the highest share of chemists, at 34.4 percent, leaving only 7.4 percent of chemists working in manufacturing to be working in other manufacturing. Over half of chemists working in chemical manufacturing work for Pharmaceutical firms or firms manufacturing medicine, around 19 percent actually.
Just over 11 percent of chemists work for engineering firms and another 17 percent are employed in scientific research and development. About 7 percent work at federal, state, and local governments. The remainder are quite scattered with nearly one percent working in waste management and remediation.
There are 84.3 thousand working as chemists in 2008, which the Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies as a job needing a minimum of BA degree skills. The total does not include college faculty, which is considered a separate occupation titled, chemistry teachers, post secondary. Around 19.9 thousand teach college chemistry and a PhD is most likely a necessary requirement here.
Jobs are up but only an average of 95 a year since 2000 with a growth rate far below the national average. Job growth is expected to be only 210 a year for the next 5 to 10 years.
Job growth is not the only measure of new hiring. Job openings equal job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth. Job openings for chemists have been averaging around 3,500 per year in recent years, but they are projected to be around 3,000 thousand per year over the next 5 to 10 years.
The entry wage for chemists is reported as $37,840 in 2008, which is also the 10th percentile wage. The median wage is $66,230, and the 90th percentile wage is $113,080. Yearly reported wage increases keep up with inflation and real wages rise modestly in the median range. Buying power has creeped up slightly the last 7 to 8 years. The 90th percentile wage is 2.4 times the entry level wage, or 10th percentile wage, which implies there is opportunity for advancement.
New BA degrees in chemistry are part of 8 different chemistry specialties and those 8 are part of 33 degree programs in physical science specialties. BA degrees in chemistry programs totaled 10,994 for the year ending 2007. The total is up from 9,006 degrees in 2001.
New jobs using BA degree skills in chemistry are small compared to the number of annual graduates. There were also 5,811 masters degrees and 4,844 doctorates in the chemistry programs. Some of the doctoral degree holders will enter college teaching, but BA degree candidates may find themselves applying for the same jobs as the advanced degree holders. Even though chemistry graduates out number job openings a BA degree in chemistry qualifies for secondary school teaching and other related speciaities in environmental science, food science and pre-medicine. Any mismatch of degree holders and job openings and career goals are probably small at this time.
Chemist is just one of 114 entry level jobs using BA degree skills. For other degrees and other jobs see the College Jobs Review.
-------------------------------
Accountants and Auditors - January 4, 2010
America employs accountants and auditors to examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records for the purpose of giving advice or preparing statements. They set up accounting systems or advise on systems of recording costs or other financial and budgetary data. Accountants and auditors are a Bureau of Labor Statistics(BLS) Standard Occupational Classification, 13-2011, but they are also known as Certified Public Accountant, Bursars, and Tax Accountants. T
Every business sector of the economy hires accountants, but almost a quarter work for accounting firms or accounting and tax preparation firms. Other sectors that hire large numbers of accountants are in finance and insurance, health care and non profit associations. Finance and insurance hires a little over 8 percent of accountants.
There are 1.29 million working as accountants and auditors including the self employed. BLS classifies accountants and auditors as a job needing BA degree skills, but those pursuing a career in accounting also need to pass accounting exams to become certified public accountants.
Jobs are up by an average of 33,793 a year since 2000 with a growth rate at 3.46 percent compounded annually, far above the national average. The Bureau of Labor Statistics is forecasting annual growth at almost 28 thousand jobs a year through 2018.
Job growth is not the only measure of new hiring. Job openings equal job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth. Job openings for accountants and auditors have been averaging around 43 to 45 thousand per year in recent years, but they are projected to be around 49.7 thousand a year over the next 5 to 10 years.
The entry wage for Accountants is reported as $36,720 in 2008, which is also the 10th percentile wage. The median wage is $59,430, and the 90th percentile wage is $102,380. Yearly reported wage increases are keeping up with inflation. Buying power is above that of earlier years going back to 2000. The 90th percentile wage is 1.7 times the entry level wage, or 10th percentile wage, which implies reasonable opportunity for advancement.
New BA degrees in accounting are part of 6 different accounting specialties and those 6 are part of 86 degree programs in business administration. BA degrees in accounting programs totaled 43,812 for the year ending 2007. The total the BA in accounting is up from nearly 32,460 degrees in 2001.
New jobs using BA degree skills in accounting are not far apart from the number of annual graduates. However, there were also 10,415 masters degrees and 35 doctorates in the accounting programs. Some of these degree holders may enter teaching, but BA degree candidates may find themselves applying for the same jobs as the advanced degree holders.
Accounting is just one of 114 entry level jobs using BA degree skills. For other degrees and jobs see the College Jobs Review.
--------------------------
Forester - September 15, 2009
American employs Foresters to manage forested lands for economic, recreational, and conservation uses. They assess the type, amount, and location of standing timber, appraise its value, negotiate its purchase, and write contracts for procurement. They maybe employed to conserve wildlife habitats, creek beds, water quality, and soil stability, and comply with environmental regulations. They maybe employed to plant and grow new trees, monitor growth, determine the time for harvesting and manage forests for public and privately-owned forested lands. Foresters are one of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifications, 19-1032, but they are also known as Ecologists and Timber Managers.
State governments are the biggest employers of foresters with 26 percent of the total but the combined total of federal, state, and local government employment comes to 53 percent. Otherwise 10 percent are part of the Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting industry, primarily in logging. Wood products manufacturing including sawmills employ another 11 percent with small percentages in teaching, scientific consulting, and wholesale trade.
Just over 10,100 work as foresters as of 2008, which the Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies as a job needing BA degree skills. Jobs are up but only an average of 34 a year since 2000 with a growth rate far below the national average.
Job growth is not the only measure of new hiring. Job openings equal job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth. Job openings for foresters have been averaging around 427 per year in recent years, but they are projected to be around 5 thousand over the next 5 to 10 years.
The entry wage for foresters is reported as $34,710 in 2008, which is also the 10th percentile wage. The median wage is $53,750, and the 90th percentile wage is $78,350. Yearly reported wage increases barely keep up with inflation. Buying power is about the same over the last 7 to 8 years. The 90th percentile wage is 2.25 times the entry level wage, or 10th percentile wage, which implies there is opportunity for advancement.
New BA degrees in Forestry are part of 8 different forestry specialties and those 8 are part of 21 degree programs in natural resources and conservation. BA degrees in forestry programs totaled 999 for the year ending 2007. The total is down from nearly 1,300 degrees in 2001. Natural Resource programs including forestry had 8,660 BA degrees in the same period and these are off slightly as well.
New jobs using BA degree skills in forestry are not far apart from the number of annual graduates. However, there were also 456 masters degrees and 146 doctorates in the forestry programs. Some of these degree holders may enter teaching, but BA degree candidates may find themselves applying for the same jobs as the advanced degree holders. Biology programs include ecology and conservation programs so these add to potential graduates competing for the same work.
foresters is just one of 114 entry level jobs using BA degree skills. For other degrees and other jobs see the College Jobs Review.
--------------------------
Biology Technicians - June 3, 2009
America employs Biology Technicians to assist biological and medical scientists in laboratories. Work includes setting up, operating and maintaining laboratory instruments and equipment, monitoring experiments, making observations, and calculating and recording results. They may analyze organic substances, like blood, food, and drugs. Biology Technicians are a Bureau of Labor Statistics(BLS) Standard Occupational Classification, 19-4021, but they are also known as Biotechnologist, Wildlife Technician and Specimen Technician.
Biology Technicians primarily work in laboratories. Universities employ 30 percent of Biology Technicians to assist in their research laboratories and medical schools. A little over 37 percent work for firms doing research and development including testing laboratories and pharmaceutical companies. Another 20 percent work in government. Health care employs a little over 5 percent of them, but health care has many types of technician work.
Almost all Biology Technicians work under the supervision of someone with a doctorate or medical degree, or both. Medical scientists, epidemiologists, microbiologists and biological scientist jobs can be filled with biologists, but these jobs require a doctorate in biology.
Just over 72,200 work as Biology Technicians as of 2008, which BLS classifies as a job needing BA degree skills. Biology Technicians have been growing much faster than the rate for all jobs with jobs up an average of a little over 3,818 a year since 2000. But jobs as Biology Technicians jumped from almost 60 thousand in 2004 to 69 thousand in 2006 before leveling off.
Job growth is not the only measure of new hiring. Job openings equal job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth. Job openings for biology technicians have been averaging around 2,474 a year in recent years, but they are projected to be around 4 thousand in next few years.
The entry wage for Biology Technicians is reported as $24,530 in 2008, which is also the 10th percentile wage. The median wage is $38,400, and the 90th percentile wage is $62,260. Yearly reported wage increases barely keep up with inflation. Buying power is about the same over the last 7 to 8 years. The 90th percentile wage is 2.5 times the entry level wage, or 10th percentile wage, which implies there is opportunity for advancement for those who do well.
New BA degrees are in the biological and biomedical sciences with 75,151 degrees granted in the year ending June 2007, which is up from 60,256 in 2002. BA degrees in biology are in 78 specialized programs, although 70 percent of degrees are in one major, general biology. Biology degrees continue to be a growing percentage of annual BA degrees, which is now up to 4.9 percent of all BA degrees for the year ending 2007.
Jobs using BA degree skills in biology are small relative to the number of annual graduates. At the current level of openings and new graduates, those with biology skills should be ready to teach, which means biology majors should also fulfill their state's teaching certification requirements. Otherwise graduate work or patience is the best advice for those who want to work in jobs using biology.
Biology Technicians is just one of 114 entry level jobs using BA degree skills. For other degrees and other jobs see the College Jobs Review.
--------------------------
Graphic Design - March 24, 2009
America employs Graphic Designers to design or create graphics to meet specific commercial or promotional needs, such as packaging, displays, or logos. May use a variety of mediums to achieve artistic or decorative effects. Graphic designers are a Bureau of Labor Statistics(BLS) Standard Occupational Classification, 27-1024, but they are also known as graphic artists, layout artists, and categlog illustrators. Just over 201 thousand work as graphic designers, which BLS classifies as a job needing BA degree skills.
Graphic designers have significant employment in four industries. Design service firms like art and graphic design or interior design and industrial design make up about 11 percent of Graphic Design jobs. Advertising firms hire another 8 to 9 percent. The printing industry, which are considered manufacturing, employs another 7 percent. Almost all manufacturing firms have some jobs for graphic designers. Publishing, especially newspapers and periodical publishers have another 10 to 11 percent of jobs in this field. Graphic design is also a skill where many work independently as self employed contractors.
Graphic Designers have been growing much faster than the rate for all jobs with jobs up an average of a little over 9,000 a year since 2000. Job growth is not as good a measure of new hiring as job openings. Job openings are job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth.
Job openings have been averaging around 12,350 a year in recent years. The recent past has seen large numbers of openings, but these totals are expected to decline some to 9 or 10 thousand openings a year for the next several years.
Relevant BA degree programs are in Design and Applied Arts (50.04) where there were 18,198 BA degree graduates in 9 programs for the year ending June 2006, the latest full year available. The 9 programs include 3,714 BA degrees specifically in a degree titled Graphic Design (50.0409). Also there were 3,572 BA degrees in Design and Visual Communications, General (50.0401) with other relevant, but somewhat less computer oriented, degrees in art, design, and illustration.
The entry wage for Grapic Designers has been $25,090, which is also the 10th percentile wage. The median wage is $41,280, and the 90th percentile wage is $72,230. Wage increases for Grapic Designers have been rising, but no faster than inflation. Buying power just keeps up, but no more. The 90th percentile wage is nearly 3 times the entry level wage, or 10th percentile wage, which implies there is opportunity for advancement for those who do well.
Graphic Design is just one of 114 entry level jobs using BA degree skills. For other degrees and other jobs see the College Jobs Review.
----------------------
Technical Writing - February 15, 2009
America employs Technical Writers to write technical materials, such as equipment manuals, appendices, or operating and maintenance instructions. Many assist in layout work. Nearly 46,400 work as technical writers using BA degree skills. Technical writing is one of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classification# 27-3042.
Jobs in the computer and software industries make up about 16 percent of technical writing jobs with another 16 percent work for manufacturing firms that need documentation material and professional manuals. Publishing employs another 16 percent across many industries. The rest are scattered around many industries because finance, health care and so many industries need to explain technical material. A small percentage are self employed.
Technical writers have not been growing since 2000 with job totals from 44,000 to 47,000 in the years since 2000. Job growth is not as good a measure of new hiring as job openings. Job openings are job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth.
Job openings are averaging around 2,200 a year in recent years. Relevant BA degree programs include Technical and Business Writing (23.11), English Language and Literature, General (23.01) and also Journalism (9.04) degrees that teach writing as a career. For those interested in technical writing it is wise to find a college that offers the Technical and Business Writing specialty in that only a few actually specialize in technical writing.
There were 454 Technical and Business Writing (23.11) degrees for the last full year of data reported by the Department of Education. There were 42,034 BA degrees in English Language and Literature, General (23.01), and 13,955 BA degrees in journalism.
The entry wage for Technical Writers has been $36,490. The median wage is $60,390, and the 90th percentile wage is $94,550. Wage increases for Technical Writers have been rising as fast as inflation so buying power is keeping up. Notice too the much higher 90th percentile wage over the entry level, or 10th percentile wage. Good work and steady services brings higher wages and advancement.
Technical Writing is just one of 114 entry level jobs using BA degree skills. For other degrees and other jobs see the College Jobs Review..
Physical Therapy -
Physical therapy services are part of health care that is delivered by people working in three occupations: Physical Therapists, Physical Therapist Assistants and Physical Therapist Aides. The three and their Standard Occupational Classification codes are defined below.
29-1123 Physical Therapists
Assess, plan, organize, and participate in rehabilitative programs that improve mobility, relieve pain, increase strength, and decrease or prevent deformity of patients suffering from disease or injury.
31-2021 Physical Therapist Assistants
Assist physical therapists in providing physical therapy treatments and procedures. May, in accordance with State laws, assist in the development of treatment plans, carry out routine functions, document the progress of treatment, and modify specific treatments in accordance with patient status and within the scope of treatment plans established by a physical therapist. Generally requires formal training.
31-2022 Physical Therapist Aides
Under close supervision of a physical therapist or physical therapy assistant, perform only delegated, selected, or routine tasks in specific situations. These duties include preparing the patient and the treatment area.
Physical therapists need a license that usually requires a master's degree for entry. Around 85 percent work in health care, 5 percent in education and a few try to work as self employed. Physical therapy assistants and aides are tied to working for, or with, physical therapists. Physical therapy assistants do not have specific educational requirements and only about 20 percent have a BA degree or above in any field.
Physical therapy services are like many services in and out of health care in that the occupational definition and work of physical therapist establishes that physical therapists can do all of the work of physical therapy assistants and physical therapy aides. Physical therapy assistants can do all the work of physical therapy aides. Employers have the financial incentive to limit the work of physical therapists to that part of physical therapy that requires the training and license of a physical therapist. By splitting the work into more specialized parts they can hire much cheaper assistants and aides to do the other work and limit the number of jobs they must have for the higher paid work. That goes on in millions of America's jobs.
National employment as physical therapists reached 174,490 as of 2009, which the Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies as a job needing at least BA degree skills. Jobs are up by an average of 6,009 a year since 2000 with a growth rate far below the national average. Physical therapy assistants had 63,250 jobs in 2009 with jobs up an average of 2,181 a year since 2000 and a growth rate above the national average. Physical therapy aides had 44,160 jobs with jobs up an average of 1,606 a year and growth above the national average.
In general physical therapy degree training is either BA, or usually MA, but any degree training for an assistant might be an associates degree in some allied health program. Expect though that no one wants to do physical therapy degree training to be a physical therapy assistant. There is no AA degree in physical therapy as such, but various exercise and health degrees. Therefore, much of the work of the assistant is on the job training. The physical therapy aide job is dead end work by itself.
Job growth is not the only measure of new hiring. Job openings equal job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth. Job openings for physical therapists have been averaging around 7,860 per year in recent years; openings for physical therapy assistants are expected to average 3,050 a year; for physical therapy aides 2,340 a year.
Averages are not used much in wage data. A few high wages pull up the average and make it unrepresentative. Instead a distribution range of wages is published with the 10th, 25th, median, 75th, and 90th percentiles of wages. A 10th percentile wage means 10 percent working in this job have wages equal to or less than the 10th percentile wage and so on. Annual wages are converted to hourly wages by dividing annual by 2,080.
The entry wage in the 10th percentile for physical therapists is reported as $52,170 in 2009. The median wage is $74,480, and the 90th percentile wage is $105,900. Yearly reported wage increases barely keep up with inflation especially in the higher range of salary. Buying power is about the same or a little less over the last 7 to 8 years.
The entry wage in the 10th percentile for physical therapy assistants is reported as $30,400 in 2009. The median wage is $48,290, and the 90th percentile wage is $66,460. Yearly reported wage have been keeping up with inflation. Buying power is up moderately over the last 7 to 8 years.
The entry wage in the 10th percentile for physical therapy aides is reported as $17,330 in 2009. The median wage is $28,890, and the 90th percentile wage is $34,100. Yearly reported wage increases are not keeping up with inflation. Buying power is about the same or a little lower over the last 7 to 8 years.
New BA, MA and doctorate degrees in Physical Therapy are part of 11 different Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professional degree specialties and those 11 are part of 164 degree programs in health professions and related clinical sciences. BA degrees in physical therapy programs totaled 584 for the year ending 2008. The total is down from the recent high of 778 degrees in 2005. However, the MA degree and Doctorate degree are more important than a BA degree in physical therapy. The MA degree had 1,924 graduates in the year ending June 2008, but that was down from 4,687 in 2002. The doctorate degree had 5,707 degrees in the year ending June 2008, but that was up from 966 in 2001. Therefore the doctorate degree is replacing other physical therapy degrees as the education level for physical therapy.
Physical therapist is just one of hundreds of jobs using college degree skills. For other degrees and other jobs see the College Jobs Review.
Previous Featured Jobs
-------------------------------
Computer Software Engineers, Applications - May 5, 2010
America employs Computer Software Engineers to develop, create, and modify general computer applications software or specialized utility programs. Analyze user needs and develop software solutions. Design software or customize software for client use with the aim of optimizing operational efficiency. May analyze and design databases within an application area, working individually or coordinating database development as part of a team. May work on both Research and Development software as well as non R & D software. Computer Software Engineers, Applications are one of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifications, 15-1031, but they are also known as applications developer, programmer analyst, or software designer. They are different jobs from Computer Software Engineers, System Software, and also different from Computer Hardware Engineers.
Computer Software Engineers for Applications have at least a few hundred jobs in nearly every sector of the economy so anyone with these skills should expect to work in every sector of the economy. Job concentrations occur in Computer systems design, one of the professional service industries, with a third of the jobs, finance and insurance with 10 percent of jobs, and software publishers with a little under 8 percent. Manufacturing firms employ 10 percent of Computer Software Engineers for Applications but spread among all manufacturing sub sectors.
There are 494 thousand working as Computer Software Engineers for Applications in 2008, which the Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies as a job needing a minimum of BA degree skills. The total does not include college faculty, which is considered a separate occupation titled, computer science teachers, post secondary. Around 32.5 thousand teach college Computer Science and a master degree is most likely a necessary requirement here.
Jobs are up but only an average of 14,940 a year since 2000 with a growth rate far above the national average. Job growth is expected to be 17.5 thousand a year for the next 5 to 10 years.
Job growth is not the only measure of new hiring. Job openings equal job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth. Job openings for computer software engineers for applications have been averaging around 26.6 thousand per year in recent years, but they are projected to be around 21.8 thousand per year over the next 5 to 10 years.
The entry wage for Computer Software Engineers for Applications is reported as $53,720 in 2008, which is also the 10th percentile wage. The median wage is $85,340, and the 90th percentile wage is $128,870. Yearly reported wage increases kept up with inflation with real wages up modestly in the median range through 2004, but falling a percent or two up to 2008. Buying power crept up more at the lower 10th and 25th percentiles, but not at all at the 90th percentile. The 90th percentile wage is 2.4 times the entry level wage, or 10th percentile wage, which implies there is opportunity for advancement.
New BA degrees in computing are part of 10 different Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services specialties and those 10 are part of 22 degree programs in Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services. BA degrees in Computer Science programs totaled 42,170 for the year ending 2007. The latest total is down from 47,299 degrees in 2001 and also down from 59,488 in 2004. The biggest share of these degrees are general survey courses in information systems and computer science and not specifically for computer software engineers for applications. There were also 16,232 masters degrees and 1,595 doctorates in the computer science programs.
The number of annual graduates in computer science across the 22 degree programs is more than the number of job openings for computer software engineers for applications, but it is only one of 9 computer occupations with employment of 100 thousand or more. The total of computer graduates lags behind the number of job openings for the 8 computer occupations defined in the Standard Occupational Classification that use BA degree skills, and another occupation, computer support specialist. To the extent that computer degree holders can find computing jobs from a variety of degree programs, there are more openings than degree holders.
Computer Software Engineer for Application is just one of 114 entry level jobs using BA degree skills. For other degrees and other jobs see the College Jobs Review.
-------------------------------
Chemists - March 1, 2010
America employs chemists to conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses or chemical experiments in laboratories for quality or process control or to develop new products or knowledge. Chemists are one of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifications, 19-2031, but they are also known as inorganic chemists or chemical analyst. Chemist is a separate occupation from other occupations that use a chemistry skills such as Chemical engineer, 17-2041 and biochemists, 19-1021.
Almost all manufacturing firms hire a few chemists and 41.8 percent of those employed as chemists work in manufacturing. The Chemical manufacturing industry employs the highest share of chemists, at 34.4 percent, leaving only 7.4 percent of chemists working in manufacturing to be working in other manufacturing. Over half of chemists working in chemical manufacturing work for Pharmaceutical firms or firms manufacturing medicine, around 19 percent actually.
Just over 11 percent of chemists work for engineering firms and another 17 percent are employed in scientific research and development. About 7 percent work at federal, state, and local governments. The remainder are quite scattered with nearly one percent working in waste management and remediation.
There are 84.3 thousand working as chemists in 2008, which the Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies as a job needing a minimum of BA degree skills. The total does not include college faculty, which is considered a separate occupation titled, chemistry teachers, post secondary. Around 19.9 thousand teach college chemistry and a PhD is most likely a necessary requirement here.
Jobs are up but only an average of 95 a year since 2000 with a growth rate far below the national average. Job growth is expected to be only 210 a year for the next 5 to 10 years.
Job growth is not the only measure of new hiring. Job openings equal job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth. Job openings for chemists have been averaging around 3,500 per year in recent years, but they are projected to be around 3,000 thousand per year over the next 5 to 10 years.
The entry wage for chemists is reported as $37,840 in 2008, which is also the 10th percentile wage. The median wage is $66,230, and the 90th percentile wage is $113,080. Yearly reported wage increases keep up with inflation and real wages rise modestly in the median range. Buying power has creeped up slightly the last 7 to 8 years. The 90th percentile wage is 2.4 times the entry level wage, or 10th percentile wage, which implies there is opportunity for advancement.
New BA degrees in chemistry are part of 8 different chemistry specialties and those 8 are part of 33 degree programs in physical science specialties. BA degrees in chemistry programs totaled 10,994 for the year ending 2007. The total is up from 9,006 degrees in 2001.
New jobs using BA degree skills in chemistry are small compared to the number of annual graduates. There were also 5,811 masters degrees and 4,844 doctorates in the chemistry programs. Some of the doctoral degree holders will enter college teaching, but BA degree candidates may find themselves applying for the same jobs as the advanced degree holders. Even though chemistry graduates out number job openings a BA degree in chemistry qualifies for secondary school teaching and other related speciaities in environmental science, food science and pre-medicine. Any mismatch of degree holders and job openings and career goals are probably small at this time.
Chemist is just one of 114 entry level jobs using BA degree skills. For other degrees and other jobs see the College Jobs Review.
-------------------------------
Accountants and Auditors - January 4, 2010
America employs accountants and auditors to examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records for the purpose of giving advice or preparing statements. They set up accounting systems or advise on systems of recording costs or other financial and budgetary data. Accountants and auditors are a Bureau of Labor Statistics(BLS) Standard Occupational Classification, 13-2011, but they are also known as Certified Public Accountant, Bursars, and Tax Accountants. T
Every business sector of the economy hires accountants, but almost a quarter work for accounting firms or accounting and tax preparation firms. Other sectors that hire large numbers of accountants are in finance and insurance, health care and non profit associations. Finance and insurance hires a little over 8 percent of accountants.
There are 1.29 million working as accountants and auditors including the self employed. BLS classifies accountants and auditors as a job needing BA degree skills, but those pursuing a career in accounting also need to pass accounting exams to become certified public accountants.
Jobs are up by an average of 33,793 a year since 2000 with a growth rate at 3.46 percent compounded annually, far above the national average. The Bureau of Labor Statistics is forecasting annual growth at almost 28 thousand jobs a year through 2018.
Job growth is not the only measure of new hiring. Job openings equal job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth. Job openings for accountants and auditors have been averaging around 43 to 45 thousand per year in recent years, but they are projected to be around 49.7 thousand a year over the next 5 to 10 years.
The entry wage for Accountants is reported as $36,720 in 2008, which is also the 10th percentile wage. The median wage is $59,430, and the 90th percentile wage is $102,380. Yearly reported wage increases are keeping up with inflation. Buying power is above that of earlier years going back to 2000. The 90th percentile wage is 1.7 times the entry level wage, or 10th percentile wage, which implies reasonable opportunity for advancement.
New BA degrees in accounting are part of 6 different accounting specialties and those 6 are part of 86 degree programs in business administration. BA degrees in accounting programs totaled 43,812 for the year ending 2007. The total the BA in accounting is up from nearly 32,460 degrees in 2001.
New jobs using BA degree skills in accounting are not far apart from the number of annual graduates. However, there were also 10,415 masters degrees and 35 doctorates in the accounting programs. Some of these degree holders may enter teaching, but BA degree candidates may find themselves applying for the same jobs as the advanced degree holders.
Accounting is just one of 114 entry level jobs using BA degree skills. For other degrees and jobs see the College Jobs Review.
--------------------------
Forester - September 15, 2009
American employs Foresters to manage forested lands for economic, recreational, and conservation uses. They assess the type, amount, and location of standing timber, appraise its value, negotiate its purchase, and write contracts for procurement. They maybe employed to conserve wildlife habitats, creek beds, water quality, and soil stability, and comply with environmental regulations. They maybe employed to plant and grow new trees, monitor growth, determine the time for harvesting and manage forests for public and privately-owned forested lands. Foresters are one of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifications, 19-1032, but they are also known as Ecologists and Timber Managers.
State governments are the biggest employers of foresters with 26 percent of the total but the combined total of federal, state, and local government employment comes to 53 percent. Otherwise 10 percent are part of the Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting industry, primarily in logging. Wood products manufacturing including sawmills employ another 11 percent with small percentages in teaching, scientific consulting, and wholesale trade.
Just over 10,100 work as foresters as of 2008, which the Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies as a job needing BA degree skills. Jobs are up but only an average of 34 a year since 2000 with a growth rate far below the national average.
Job growth is not the only measure of new hiring. Job openings equal job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth. Job openings for foresters have been averaging around 427 per year in recent years, but they are projected to be around 5 thousand over the next 5 to 10 years.
The entry wage for foresters is reported as $34,710 in 2008, which is also the 10th percentile wage. The median wage is $53,750, and the 90th percentile wage is $78,350. Yearly reported wage increases barely keep up with inflation. Buying power is about the same over the last 7 to 8 years. The 90th percentile wage is 2.25 times the entry level wage, or 10th percentile wage, which implies there is opportunity for advancement.
New BA degrees in Forestry are part of 8 different forestry specialties and those 8 are part of 21 degree programs in natural resources and conservation. BA degrees in forestry programs totaled 999 for the year ending 2007. The total is down from nearly 1,300 degrees in 2001. Natural Resource programs including forestry had 8,660 BA degrees in the same period and these are off slightly as well.
New jobs using BA degree skills in forestry are not far apart from the number of annual graduates. However, there were also 456 masters degrees and 146 doctorates in the forestry programs. Some of these degree holders may enter teaching, but BA degree candidates may find themselves applying for the same jobs as the advanced degree holders. Biology programs include ecology and conservation programs so these add to potential graduates competing for the same work.
foresters is just one of 114 entry level jobs using BA degree skills. For other degrees and other jobs see the College Jobs Review.
--------------------------
Biology Technicians - June 3, 2009
America employs Biology Technicians to assist biological and medical scientists in laboratories. Work includes setting up, operating and maintaining laboratory instruments and equipment, monitoring experiments, making observations, and calculating and recording results. They may analyze organic substances, like blood, food, and drugs. Biology Technicians are a Bureau of Labor Statistics(BLS) Standard Occupational Classification, 19-4021, but they are also known as Biotechnologist, Wildlife Technician and Specimen Technician.
Biology Technicians primarily work in laboratories. Universities employ 30 percent of Biology Technicians to assist in their research laboratories and medical schools. A little over 37 percent work for firms doing research and development including testing laboratories and pharmaceutical companies. Another 20 percent work in government. Health care employs a little over 5 percent of them, but health care has many types of technician work.
Almost all Biology Technicians work under the supervision of someone with a doctorate or medical degree, or both. Medical scientists, epidemiologists, microbiologists and biological scientist jobs can be filled with biologists, but these jobs require a doctorate in biology.
Just over 72,200 work as Biology Technicians as of 2008, which BLS classifies as a job needing BA degree skills. Biology Technicians have been growing much faster than the rate for all jobs with jobs up an average of a little over 3,818 a year since 2000. But jobs as Biology Technicians jumped from almost 60 thousand in 2004 to 69 thousand in 2006 before leveling off.
Job growth is not the only measure of new hiring. Job openings equal job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth. Job openings for biology technicians have been averaging around 2,474 a year in recent years, but they are projected to be around 4 thousand in next few years.
The entry wage for Biology Technicians is reported as $24,530 in 2008, which is also the 10th percentile wage. The median wage is $38,400, and the 90th percentile wage is $62,260. Yearly reported wage increases barely keep up with inflation. Buying power is about the same over the last 7 to 8 years. The 90th percentile wage is 2.5 times the entry level wage, or 10th percentile wage, which implies there is opportunity for advancement for those who do well.
New BA degrees are in the biological and biomedical sciences with 75,151 degrees granted in the year ending June 2007, which is up from 60,256 in 2002. BA degrees in biology are in 78 specialized programs, although 70 percent of degrees are in one major, general biology. Biology degrees continue to be a growing percentage of annual BA degrees, which is now up to 4.9 percent of all BA degrees for the year ending 2007.
Jobs using BA degree skills in biology are small relative to the number of annual graduates. At the current level of openings and new graduates, those with biology skills should be ready to teach, which means biology majors should also fulfill their state's teaching certification requirements. Otherwise graduate work or patience is the best advice for those who want to work in jobs using biology.
Biology Technicians is just one of 114 entry level jobs using BA degree skills. For other degrees and other jobs see the College Jobs Review.
--------------------------
Graphic Design - March 24, 2009
America employs Graphic Designers to design or create graphics to meet specific commercial or promotional needs, such as packaging, displays, or logos. May use a variety of mediums to achieve artistic or decorative effects. Graphic designers are a Bureau of Labor Statistics(BLS) Standard Occupational Classification, 27-1024, but they are also known as graphic artists, layout artists, and categlog illustrators. Just over 201 thousand work as graphic designers, which BLS classifies as a job needing BA degree skills.
Graphic designers have significant employment in four industries. Design service firms like art and graphic design or interior design and industrial design make up about 11 percent of Graphic Design jobs. Advertising firms hire another 8 to 9 percent. The printing industry, which are considered manufacturing, employs another 7 percent. Almost all manufacturing firms have some jobs for graphic designers. Publishing, especially newspapers and periodical publishers have another 10 to 11 percent of jobs in this field. Graphic design is also a skill where many work independently as self employed contractors.
Graphic Designers have been growing much faster than the rate for all jobs with jobs up an average of a little over 9,000 a year since 2000. Job growth is not as good a measure of new hiring as job openings. Job openings are job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth.
Job openings have been averaging around 12,350 a year in recent years. The recent past has seen large numbers of openings, but these totals are expected to decline some to 9 or 10 thousand openings a year for the next several years.
Relevant BA degree programs are in Design and Applied Arts (50.04) where there were 18,198 BA degree graduates in 9 programs for the year ending June 2006, the latest full year available. The 9 programs include 3,714 BA degrees specifically in a degree titled Graphic Design (50.0409). Also there were 3,572 BA degrees in Design and Visual Communications, General (50.0401) with other relevant, but somewhat less computer oriented, degrees in art, design, and illustration.
The entry wage for Grapic Designers has been $25,090, which is also the 10th percentile wage. The median wage is $41,280, and the 90th percentile wage is $72,230. Wage increases for Grapic Designers have been rising, but no faster than inflation. Buying power just keeps up, but no more. The 90th percentile wage is nearly 3 times the entry level wage, or 10th percentile wage, which implies there is opportunity for advancement for those who do well.
Graphic Design is just one of 114 entry level jobs using BA degree skills. For other degrees and other jobs see the College Jobs Review.
----------------------
Technical Writing - February 15, 2009
America employs Technical Writers to write technical materials, such as equipment manuals, appendices, or operating and maintenance instructions. Many assist in layout work. Nearly 46,400 work as technical writers using BA degree skills. Technical writing is one of the Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classification# 27-3042.
Jobs in the computer and software industries make up about 16 percent of technical writing jobs with another 16 percent work for manufacturing firms that need documentation material and professional manuals. Publishing employs another 16 percent across many industries. The rest are scattered around many industries because finance, health care and so many industries need to explain technical material. A small percentage are self employed.
Technical writers have not been growing since 2000 with job totals from 44,000 to 47,000 in the years since 2000. Job growth is not as good a measure of new hiring as job openings. Job openings are job growth and the number of net replacements. Net replacements are people who permanently leave an occupation for another occupation or retirement and must be replaced before there can be any job growth.
Job openings are averaging around 2,200 a year in recent years. Relevant BA degree programs include Technical and Business Writing (23.11), English Language and Literature, General (23.01) and also Journalism (9.04) degrees that teach writing as a career. For those interested in technical writing it is wise to find a college that offers the Technical and Business Writing specialty in that only a few actually specialize in technical writing.
There were 454 Technical and Business Writing (23.11) degrees for the last full year of data reported by the Department of Education. There were 42,034 BA degrees in English Language and Literature, General (23.01), and 13,955 BA degrees in journalism.
The entry wage for Technical Writers has been $36,490. The median wage is $60,390, and the 90th percentile wage is $94,550. Wage increases for Technical Writers have been rising as fast as inflation so buying power is keeping up. Notice too the much higher 90th percentile wage over the entry level, or 10th percentile wage. Good work and steady services brings higher wages and advancement.
Technical Writing is just one of 114 entry level jobs using BA degree skills. For other degrees and other jobs see the College Jobs Review..
Wednesday, February 4, 2009
College Job Review
College Job Review and Forecast
Every year college students choose a major while a new batch of college graduates starts looking for jobs using their college degree skills. Picking a field of study depends partly on preference, but study in college will go better, and be easier, for those who pick something they like. That said it is a good idea to keep an eye on the main chance and to know about jobs that use college degree skills.
The purpose of this post is to help college students and college graduates make better college and career choices. There is nothing here to help with dress for success or kill'em dead with an interview. The modus operandi is to condense and make use of the gigabytes of college degree and enrollment data to match and analyze with still more gigabytes of industry and occupational employment data, all published by the federal government. Those who major in computer programming can learn about openings for computer programmers and so on.
Directions
This is a large post that needs a set of directions to help you go where you want to go. Allow me to suggest looking at background material first. Click on Returns to Education and feel better about your college investment. Click on Degrees to review summary data for America's college degrees. Click on Education and America's labor force to learn about America's supply of labor skills. Click on Skills taxonomy to learn the way the Bureau of Statistics classifies job skills and especially jobs needing college degree skills. Click on Openings and Replacements to learn Bureau of Labor Statistics essential terminology for its labor market reports and projections. To go directly to forecasted openings by occupations click on College Jobs Forecast by BA Degree Program
Post Links
Returns to Education
Degrees
Education and America's Labor Force
Skills Taxonomy
Openings and Replacements
College Jobs Forecast by BA Degree Program
Degrees
In 1900 the decennial census counted that year's college graduates; 27,410 received baccalaureate degrees earned at degree granting colleges. After reaching 186,500 in 1940, those receiving Baccalaureate degrees climbed to 432,048 in 1950 when WWII veterans began taking advantage of the GI Bill of Rights and entered college in large numbers. Earned degrees declined some later in the 1950's; but surpassed all earlier numbers by 1964. Earned Baccalaureate degrees jumped to 792,316 in June of 1970; 900 thousand in 1973; 1 million in 1989. By June 2000, 1,237,875 earned Baccalaureate degrees from accredited degree granting colleges and universities with continued growth to 1,485,242 BA degrees by June 2006. The total for all degrees - associate, baccalaureate, masters, doctorate, first-time professional - the total equals 2,936,095 for the year ending June 2006. For a more detailed summary of America's college degrees click on College Degree Round Up
back to links top
Education and America's Labor Force
Smart Societies educate their children. It is the best way to assure smart adults. The United States had a few lax years at the turn of the last century when it employed child labor cheaply and profitably in sweatshops. In the transformation from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy it was common to use children in the garment and textile trades, among others. Children were apparently better adapted to the industry's dull, boring and repetitive tasks than adults. Their presence in the workforce increased the supply of labor in markets where families were already moving from farms to cities looking for work. Children entering labor markets depressed already depressed wages in the process of displacing part of the adult workforce. Luckily, it was a short period. Enough people got hold of themselves to stir the political system to restrict child labor. It was humanitarian, but also utilitarian: a nation with a generation of uneducated souls will have declining productivity and production in its future.
In the years following WWII attitudes about education turned post secondary education into mass education. Since the academic year ending June 1964, NCES reports 41,587,264 BA degrees conferred by U.S. universities through June 2005. For those entering the labor force after college in 1964 at age 22, 43 years of work brings them to 2007 and age 65. Even though labor force participation drops off rapidly for those over age 55, any of those earning BA degrees after June of 1964 could be in the labor force and using their college degree skills. Since those with MA degrees, PhD's or professional degrees generally have BA degrees before they begin graduate study, the BA degree gives an estimate of those working, or able to work, who also have college degree skills.
So much post secondary education suggests a high level of educational attainment with the assurance of skilled and highly competent people entering the workforce. The Bureau of the Census and Bureau of Labor Statistics started producing and reporting data on the employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment beginning in 1992. The data is published as part of its employment situation report among other reports. Four categories are reported: 1) less than a high school diploma, 2) High school graduates but no college, 3) less than a bachelor's degree and 4) bachelor's degree and higher. The third category, less than a bachelor's degree, includes those with an associate's degree as well as those with some college credits. The fourth category, bachelor's degree and higher, also includes those with a masters, doctorate, or professional degree in addition to those with a bachelor's degree.
In December 2007, BLS reported 44.6 million in the civilian labor force 25 years and over with a BA degree or higher, which is 33.8 percent all those in the civilian labor force over 25. Careers in education, computer-information technology and social services are examples of careers requiring college training. Even though substantial growth in available employment is expected in these and other college skill occupations, people with the necessary skills need to be available to fill them. Current data suggests enough educated people to fill present and future employment requirements.
Table 3 shows the 1992 and 2007 count and percentage of the civilian labor force over 25 years of age by educational attainment as reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Those with a BA or higher showed an increase of almost 16 million. Their share of the labor force increased from 26.4 percent to 33.7 percent during this decade. For those with some college, or an associates degree, the increase was 8.8 million and share increased from 25.4 percent to 27.4 percent. For the HS graduate with no college the count increases slightly, but share decreases. For those who did not finish High school both the count and the share decline. Available data for educational attainment indicates a clear pattern with rising educational attainment for years from 1992 to 2007.
Table 3 - Educational Attainment of the Civilian Labor Force 25+ Years
back to links top
Skills Taxonomy
With all of these skilled citizens it is useful to ask what jobs are they doing with their many skills. The Bureau of Labor Statistics helps out with this question by collecting and maintaining employment data by occupation. The data are classified under a recently updated system called the Standard Occupational Classifications or SOC for short.
Since data in the Standard Occupational Classifications is produced through establishments that have discretion in hiring and deciding the skills they want for their employees, BLS has developed a skills taxonomy with education and training categories that reflects the qualifications and experience needed for jobs reported within their Standard Occupational Classification. The eleven skills categories and counts and percentages for 2006 are given in the table below. For detailed definitions and discussion of the BLS skills taxonomy click on Skills Taxonomy
back to links top
Openings and Replacements
In many occupations jobs continue to grow: mental health counselors, bartenders, loan counselors, bailiffs, cooks and many others among them. For college seniors finishing a degree in civil engineering, it is no doubt reassuring to learn jobs as civil engineers are up. Job growth in an occupation is one way to weigh job prospects for upcoming graduates. It is not the only way because the Bureau of Labor Statistics defines and reports openings by occupation. Openings are the expected number of unfilled jobs to be filled in a future year or years. Typically the Bureau of Labor Statistics defines openings over the next year or the next decade such as openings for 2006 or 2006-2016. Notice the key word, which is next, as in next year or years. Next is the key word because openings are a forecast based on recent trends.
Openings have two components developed from recent data: job growth and net replacements. If people leave an occupation they must be replaced before there can be more jobs. If we know there are 5 thousand more bartenders this year than last, but 5 thousand bartenders left bartending then there were 10 thousand openings defined as 5 thousand replacements and 5 thousand of growth.
Job growth is the easiest to count because jobs for an occupation this year subtracted from jobs last year equals growth. Negative numbers mean fewer jobs, or just loss.
Determining replacements is harder but we have to admire the statisticians at the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Bureau of the Census who produce data from surveys. In their household survey they combine personal attributes by pairing age with occupation. With paired data they know the number of jobs and ages of job holders: this many age 21, this many age 22 and so on. They have total employment by occupation with a distribution by age.
Doing the survey in successive years makes it possible to split the change in jobs due to growth from those due to replacement to get openings. Let's try the procedure with bartenders. BLS reports an increase of 5,110 bartenders from May 2005 to May 2006 in its occupational employment survey. However, if we start with 21 year old bartenders in 2005 and then find there are 1,000 more bartenders age 22 in 2006 we know that 1,000 equals the net increase of bartenders who started bartending between their 21st and 22nd year. They are part of the growth of 5,110 bartender jobs.
Go on to 22 year olds in 2005 and we might find there are 2,000 more bartenders age 23 in 2006 than there were bartenders age 22 in 2005. They too are part of the net increase of bartenders. If we keep working our way up the age scale it is likely we will find more than 5,110 new bartenders taking bartending jobs for ages in their twenties. However, keep working through the distribution of data for ages in the thirties, forties and fifties and, for example, subtract bartending jobs for 54 year olds in 2005 from bartending jobs for 55 year olds in 2006, eventually the difference will be negative. Positive numbers are entrants but negative numbers mean net separations: people leaving an occupation. Negative numbers also tell the age ranges when people leave an occupation such as bartending. If we combine just the negative numbers they will be the net number of people leaving that would have to be replaced or net replacements. Add job growth to net replacements and the sum equals Openings as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
In practice, the Bureau of Labor Statistics computes a replacement rate for all the job data reported within its occupational classifications. The replacement rate is a percentage computed by dividing the earlier employment total into the net replacement total. With bartenders the net replacement rates is 3.64 percent a year over the 10 years from 2006-2016. In their forecast they predict a growth of 5,600 a year of growth in bartending jobs. They are also predicting the 3.64 percent per year of 2006 bartenders will be needed as net replacements, which is .0364 x 495000 = 18,018. Combine the two numbers to get total openings of 23,618 a year. Over the 2006-2016 decade openings are forecast to equal 236,180. Openings! Now you know.
back to links top
College Degrees and College Jobs
This section has two sets of links. Part I directly below matches BA Degree Graduates by degree program to Bureau of Labor Statistics job openings in occupations that require BA degree level skills. Part II is a cross reference to the occupational groups and occupations that need BA degree skills that are matched to BA degree programs in Part I.
BA degree programs and data are defined and reported from the National Center for Education Statistics, Classification of Institutional Programs(CIP). Occupations are from the Standard Occupational Classification(SOC) where 114 of the 753 SOC occupations are designated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as jobs that need entry level skills for a BA degree graduate. Skill levels are measured with the Bureau of Labor Statistics Skills Taxonomy. Job openings are defined from the Openings and Replacements link.
Part I. Matching BA Degree Program Graduates to Jobs and Job Openings by Occupation
College graduates can find some job doing something, but we expect that graduates with a degree in chemistry would like to work in chemistry and so on. College graduates will be eligible for jobs using high school skills or general work force skills, or they may go on and become eligible for jobs that need a graduate or professional degree, but there is less to say about these jobs because we are assessing entry level jobs that use college degree skills by comparing their numbers and skills to the number and skills of BA degree graduates. Degrees, jobs and openings are the latest full year of data available.
There are 1,485,242 BA degree graduates for the year ending June 2006. The links below have 36 summary college degree programs matched to job openings for 2007 in 114 occupations that have 703,668 openings in jobs and occupations using BA degree skills. Despite many more degrees than job openings needing BA degree skills I was only able to match 555,814 of the BA degree openings to relevant BA degrees, leaving 147,861 job openings unassigned despite the surplus of degrees. Occupatons with more job openings than BA degrees were primarily in computing, selected engineering specialities, nursing, and education. Among business degrees accounting and auditing has a few more jobs than accounting BA degrees; likewise for social work specialties.
The links below compare BA degree data to relevant occupations in order to assess individual chances for getting a job using their college degree skills. We assess these prospects by looking at the balance, or imbalance, between BA degrees and job openings in jobs using BA degree skills. Entry level job markets are in surplus, balance or shortage depending on the ratio of degrees to openings, or Degrees/Openings.
A degree to openings ratio that falls below 1 implies a market with shortage with rapid entry into career employment. A degree/openings ratio approximately 1 implies a market in balance with rapid entry, or some job search, but moderate delays into career employment. A degree/openings ratio that climbs above 1 implies surplus with extended delay or the need to take employment unrelated to the BA degree skills from a college major. Discussion will include a summary rating of (1) Shortage, (2) Balance, and (3) Surplus.
BA Degree Program Links
01-Agriculture, Agriculture Operations, & Related Sciences Market Assessment
03-Natural Resources and Conservation Sciences Market Assessment
04-Architecture Market Assessment
05-Area Ethnic Cultural and Gender Studies Market Assessment
09-Communications Journalism and Related Programs Market Assessment
10-Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services Market Assessment
11-Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services Market Assessment
12-Personal and Culinary Services Market Assessment
13-Education Market Assessment
14-Engineering Market Assessment
15-Engineering Technologies/Technicians Market Assessment
16-Foreign Languages, Literature, and Linguistics Market Assessment
19-Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, General Market Assessment
22-Legal Professions and Studies Market Assessment
23-English Language and Literature/Letters Market Assessment
24-Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies, and Humanities Market Assessment
25-Library Science Market Assessment
26-Biological and Biomedical Sciences Market Assessment
27-Mathematics and Statistics Market Assessment
29-Military Technologies Market Assessment
30-Multidiscipinary Science Market Assessment
31-Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies Market Assessment
38-Philosophy and Religious Studies Market Assessment
39-Theology and Religious Vocations Market Assessment
40, 41-Physical Science and Science Technologies/Technicians Market Assessment
42-Pyschology Market Assessment
43-Security and Protective Services Market Assessment
44-Public Administration and Social Service Professions Market Assessment
45-Social Sciences and History Market Assessment
46-Construction Trades Market Assessment
47-Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians Market Assessment
48-Precision Production Market Assessment
49-Transportation Market Assessment
50-Visual and Performing Arts Market Assessment
51-Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences Market Assessment
52-Business Market Assessment
BA Degree Programs
01-AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURE OPERATIONS, & RELATED SCIENCES DEGREES
All agriculture programs had 14,287 BA degrees in 14 degree programs, which are .96% of all BA degree graduates. Agriculture, Agriculture Operations, and Related Sciences BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 11 degrees.
The match and summary of 6,487 BA degree graduates in 4 of the 14 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 772 openings using BA degree skills in 3 Life Science occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Agriculture, Agriculture Operations, and Related Sciences outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 18 to 1, or 14,287 to 772. For new BA degrees in the 4 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is 8.3 to 1, or 6,487 to 772. Biology degrees in Botany/plant biology, zoology and ecology add to entry BA degree totals to raise BA degrees to openings to 14 to 1, or 10,951 to 772. Markets are in SURPLUS. Expect delays finding jobs using these degree skills.
LIFE SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS
--Animal Scientist with an average for 2007 of 4,210 jobs and 136 annual openings. Animal Scientists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 667 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $48.4 thousand.
--Food Scientist and Technologists with an average for 2007 of 9,910 jobs and 289 annual openings. Food Scientists and Technologists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 675 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $57.9 thousand.
--Soil and Plant Scientist with an average for 2007 of 10,270 jobs and 347 annual openings. Soil and plant Scientist have been increasing at an annual average increase of 145 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $58 thousand.
These jobs are primarily in research at universities or the government, although food scientist and technologists are important jobs in the food processing industry.
DEGREES
1. Animal Science (01.09) Degrees
136 of 3,907 BA degrees in Animal Science (01.09) could fill 100% of the 136 forecasted job openings in 1 life science occupation, Animal Scientist.
2. Food Science and Technology (01.10) Degrees
289 of 756 BA degrees in Food Science and Technology (01.10) could fill 100% of the 289 job openings in 1 Life Science Occupation, Food Scientists and Technologist.
3. Plant Sciences (01.11) Degrees
217 of 1,694 BA degrees in Plant Sciences (01.11) could fill 63% of the 347 job openings in 1 life science occupation, Soil and plant Scientist. See Soil Science(01.12) below
4. Soil Sciences (01.12) Degrees
All 130 BA degrees in Soil Sciences (01.12) could fill the remaining 37% of the 347 job openings in 1 life science occupation, Soil and plant Scientist. See Plant Science(01.11) above
Back to 01-Agriculture Back to degrees
03-NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION
Natural Resources and Conservation programs had 8,762 BA degrees in 6 degree programs, which are .59% of all BA degree graduates. Natural Resources and Conservation BA degrees show a 5 year average decrease of 91 degrees.
The match and summary of 6,832 BA degree graduates in 2 of the 6 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 1,035 openings using BA degree skills in 2 Life Science occupations are below.
New BA Degrees in ALL natural resources and conservation programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a ratio of more than 8 to 1, or 8,762 to 1,035. For new BA degrees in the 2 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is 6.6 to 1, or 6,832 to 1,035. The degrees are not easily applied to other fields or jobs. Markets are in SURPLUS. Expect delays finding jobs using these degree skills.
LIFE SCIENCE OCCUPATONS
--Conservation Scientist with an annual average for 2007 of 16,570 jobs and 623 openings. Conservation scientists have been increasing by an annual average of 513 jobs from 2000 to 2007. Median wages for 2007 are $56.2 thousand.
--Forester with an annual average for 2007 of 10,510 jobs and 412 openings. Forestry jobs have increased at an annual average of 90 from 2000 to 2007. Median wages for 2007 are $52.4 thousand.
Nearly 75 percent of conservation scientists and over 50 percent of foresters work in government jobs. A little over 10 percent of foresters work in manufacturing. There is very little opportunity for self employment.
DEGREES
5. Natural Resources Conservation and Research (03.01) Degrees
623 of 5,725 BA degrees in Natural Resources Conservation and Research (03.01) could fill 100% of the 623 forecasted job openings in 1 life science occupation, Conservation Scientist.
6. Forestry (03.05) Degrees
412 of 1,107 BA degrees in Forestry (03.05) could fill 100% of the 412 forecasted job openings in 1 Life Science occupation, Forester.
Back to 03-Natural Resources Back to degrees
04-ARCHITECTURE
Architecture programs had 9,515 BA degrees in 4 degree programs, which are .64 percent of all BA degrees. Architecture and Related Programs BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 207 degrees.
The match and summary of 6,744 BA degree graduates in 2 of the 4 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 4,067 openings using BA degree skills in 2 Architecture, Surveyor, Cartographers Occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL BA programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a ratio more than 2 to 1, or 9,515 to 4,067. For new BA degrees in the 2 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is 1.7 to 1, or 6,744 to 4,067.
Architecture is also a specialty where those with BA degree skills must expect to compete with new MA degree graduates. There were 5,743 MA degree graduates making the effective ratio of MA and BA degrees nearly 3.8 to 1, 15,258 to 4,067. Markets with twice as many degrees as openings have a big enough SURPLUS to expect some delays finding jobs for new degree holders.
ARCHITECTURE OCCUPATIONS
--Architect, Except Landscape Architect have an average for 2007 of 106,830 jobs and 3,385 job openings. Architect's jobs have increased by an annual average of 4,634 between 2000 and 2007. Median wages in 2007 for architects are $67 thousand.
--Landscape Architect have an average for 2007 of 21,890 jobs and 682 job openings. Landscape Architects jobs have increased by an annual average of 680 between 2000 and 2007. Median wages in 2007 for landscape architects $57 thousand.
DEGREES
7. Architecture (04.02) Degrees
3,385 of 5,492 BA degrees in Architecture (04.02) could fill 100% of the 3,385 forecasted job openings in 1 occupation in Architecture, Architect.
8. Landscape Architecture (04.06) Degrees
682 of 1,061 BA degrees in Landscape Architecture (04.06) could fill 100% of the 682 forecasted job openings in 1 occupation in Architecture, Landscape Architect.
Back to 04-Architecture Back to degrees
05-AREA ETHNIC CULTURAL AND GENDER STUDIES
Area Ethnic Cultural and Gender Studies programs had 7,879 BA degrees in 33 different area studies and other ethnic, cultural and gender programs, which are .53 percent of all BA degrees. Area Ethnic Cultural and Gender Studies BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 312 degrees.
BA degrees in Area Ethnic Cultural and Gender Studies are preparation for specialized research or advocacy for non-profit organizations or government, possible teaching or graduate work.
There are few entry level job opportunities that apply BA degree skills for Area Ethnic Cultural and Gender Studies. Expect indefinite delays finding jobs using these degree skills.
Back to 05-Area Ethnic Back to degrees
09-COMMUNICATIONS JOURNALISM AND RELATED PROGRAMS
Communications, Journalism and Related Programs had 73,955 BA degrees in 6 degree programs, which are 4.98% of all BA degrees. Communications Journalism and Related BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 3,188 degrees.
The match and summary of 64,352 BA degree graduates in 3 of the 6 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 13,340 openings using BA degree skills in 4 Media and Communication occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Communications and Journalism programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 5.5 to 1, or 73,955 to 13,340. For new BA degrees in the 3 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is 4.8 to 1, or 64,352 to 13,340. There are 52,180 English language and literature BA degrees not assigned to openings in other occupations that raise the ratio 9.5 to 1, or 126,135 to 13,340. Markets are in SURPLUS. Expect slow entry and long delays finding jobs using these degree skills.
MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS OCCUPATIONS
--Reporters and Correspondents have an average for 2007 of 51,620 jobs and 1,254 job openings. Reporters and Correspondents jobs have not been increasing. Median wages in 2007 are $34.6 thousand.
-- Public Relations Specialists have an average for 2007 of 225,880 jobs and 7,302 job openings. Public Relations specialists have increased at an annual average of 13,391 from 2000-2007. Median wages in 2007 for public relations specialists $49.8 thousand.
-- Editors have an average for 2007 of 105,920 jobs and 2,619 job openings. Editor’s jobs have increased at an annual average of 244 jobs from 2000 to 2007. Median wages in 2007 for editors are $48 thousand.
-- Technical Writers have an average for 2007 of 46,740 jobs 2,165 job openings. Technical writing jobs have not increased from 2000 to 2007. Median wages are $60.4 thousand.
Jobs as reporters and correspondents work almost exclusively in radio and TV with nearly 60 percent of editors working in newspapers and publishing. The media and communications industries have public relations specialists and editors sprinkled around many industries, but especially in professional advertising and broadcasting.
DEGREES
9. Communications and Media Studies (09.01) Degrees
1,254 of 40,719 BA degrees in Communications and Media Studies could fill 100% of the 1,254 forecasted job openings in 1 occupation in Media and Communications occupations, Reporters and Correspondents.
10. Journalism (09.04) Degrees
4,330 of 13,955 BA degrees in Journalism were assigned to job openings in 2 occupations in Media and Communications occupations.
First, 2,619 Journalism (09.04) BA degrees could fill 100% of the 2,619 forecasted openings as Editors.
Second, 1,711 Journalism (09.04) BA degrees could fill 79% of the 2,165 forecasted openings as Technical Writers. See also 54. Technical and Business Writing (23.11)
11. Pubic Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication (09.09) Degrees
7,302 of 9,678 BA degrees in Pubic Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication could fill 100% of the 7,302 forecasted job openings in 1 Media and Communications occupation, Public Relations Specialists.
Back to 09-Communications Back to degrees
10-COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES / TECHNICIANS & SUPPORT SERVICES
Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services had 2,981 BA degrees in 4 degree programs, which are .2% of all BA degrees. BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 386 degrees.
BA degrees in Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services are preparation for media and communications occupations as equipment operators and support technicians that may benefit from, but do not require BA degree skills.
Even though BA degree skills are not necessary there are job openings that apply BA degree skills for Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services. These are Audio and Video Equipment Technicians, Broadcast Technicians, Radio Operators, Sound Engineering Technicians, Camera Operators, Video and Film Editors. There are many more openings than BA degrees, but many others qualify without having a BA degree. A BA degree maybe an advantage, but it is only one measure of entry skills.
Back to 10-Communications Back to degrees
11-COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES AND SUPPORT SERVICES COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES/TECHNICIANS AND SUPPORT SERVICES
Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services had 47,480 BA degrees in 10 degree programs, which are 3.2% of all BA degrees. Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 1,105 degrees.
The match and summary of 47,480 BA degree graduates in 10 of the 10 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 97,258 openings using BA degree skills in 8 Computer Specialist occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL BA computing programs are less than job openings using BA degree skills with a degrees/openings ratio of .49 to 1, or 47,480 to 97,258.
Other BA degrees with computer training include 5,610 BA degrees in Computer Engineering(14.09), 10,605 Management Information and Services(52.12) BA degrees as part of business programs and 202 BA degrees in Mathematics and Computer Science(30.08) from multi-disciplinary programs. Including these BA degrees raises the ratio to .6 to 1, or 63,897 to 97,258. Markets have a SHORTAGE of new degree holders compared with openings. Expect rapid entry and little delay finding a job for new degree holders.
COMPUTING OCCUPATIONS
-- Computer Software Engineers-Applications have an average for 2007 of 495,810 jobs and 26,538 job openings. Computer Software Engineers, Applications have been increasing by an average annual increase of 17,310 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $83.1 thousand.
-- Computer Programmers have an average for 2007 of 394,710 jobs and 7,362 job openings. Computer Programmers decreased between 2000 and 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $68 thousand.
-- Database Administrators have an average for 2007 of 116,340 jobs and 4,406 job openings. Database Administrators have been increasing by an average annual increase of 1,191 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $67.3 thousand.
-- Computer Software Engineers-Systems Software have an average for 2007 of 349,140 jobs and 12,596 job openings. Computer Systems Software Engineers, Systems Software have been increasing by an average annual increase of 12,076 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $89.0 thousand.
-- Computer Systems Analysts have an average for 2007 of 464,440 jobs and 19,090 job openings. Computer Systems Analysts have been increasing by an average annual increase of 193 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $73.0 thousand.
-- Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts have an average for 2007 of 216,050 jobs and 16,115 job openings. Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts have been increasing by an average annual increase of 13,833 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $68.2 thousand.
-- Network and Computer Systems Administrators have an average for 2007 of 309,660 jobs and 11,152 job openings. Network and Computer Systems Administrators have been increasing by an average annual increase of 13,833 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $64.7 thousand.
Computing jobs are in nearly every industry but work in the Computer Systems and Design industry employs a little over 20 percent of computer professionals. Government and education are also significant employers. Few are self employed in computing as primary jobs.
DEGREES
12. Computer & Information Sciences Gen (11.01) Degrees
All 21,718 BA degrees in Computer & Information Sciences Gen (11.01) could fill 82% of 26,538 forecasted openings in one computing occupation, Computer Software Engineers, Applications. See also 17. Computer Science (11.07) and 18. Computer Software & Media Applications(11.08)
13. Computer Programming (11.02) Degrees
All 816 BA degrees in Computer Programming (11.02) could fill 11% of 7,362 forecasted openings in 1 computing occupation, Computer Programming.
14. Data Processing (11.03) Degrees
All 212 BA degrees in Data processing (11.03) could fill 5% of 4,406 forecasted openings in 1 computing occupation, Database Administrators.
15. Information System Studies (11.04) Degrees
All 6,221 BA degrees in Information System Studies (11.04) could fill 49% of 12,596 forecasted openings for one computing occupation, Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software. See also 17. Computer Science (11.07) and 35. Computer Engineering General (14.09)
16. Computer Systems Analysis (11.05) Degrees
All 1,525 BA degrees in Computer Systems Analysis (11.05) could fill 8% of 19,090 forecasted openings for one computing occupation, Computer Systems Analysts. See also 21. Computer & Information Sciences and Support Services, Other(11.99) and See also 88. Management Information Systems and Services(52.12)
17. Computer Science (11.07) Degrees
All 9,882 BA degrees in Computer Science (11.07) could fill openings in two computing occupations.
First, 3,625 of the Computer Science (11.07) BA degrees could fill an additional 14% of the 26,538 forecasted openings as Computer Software Engineers, Applications. See also 12. Computer & Information Sciences Gen (11.01)
Second, 6,257 of the Computer Science (11.07) BA degrees could fill an additional 50% of the 12,596 forecasted openings as Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software. 15. Information System Studies (11.04)
18. Computer Software & Media Applications (11.08) Degrees
All 1,195 BA degrees in Computer Software & Media Applications (11.08) could fill the remaining 4% of the 26,538 forecasted openings for 1 of computing occupation, Computer Software Engineers, Applications. See also 12. Computer & Information Sciences Gen (11.01)
19. Computer Systems Networking & Telecommunications (11.09) Degrees
All 3,488 BA degrees in Computer Systems Networking & Telecommunications (11.09) could fill 22% of the 16,115 forecasted openings in one computing occupation, Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts. See also 35. Computer Engineering General (14.09)
20. Computer/Information Tech Adm and Mgmt (11.10) Degrees
All 1,321 BA degrees in Computer/Information Tech Adm and Mgmt (11.10) could fill an additional 12% of 11,152 forecasted openings in one computing occupation, Network and Computer Systems Administrators.
21. Computer & Information Sciences and Support Services, Other (11.99) Degrees
All 1,102 BA degrees in Computer & Information Sciences and Support Services, Other (11.99) could fill an additional 6% of the 19,090 forecasted openings in 1 computing occupation, Computer Systems Analyst. 16. Computer Systems Analysis (11.05)
Back to 11-Computing Back to degrees
12-PERSONAL AND CULINARY SERVICES
Personal and Culinary Services had 651 BA degrees in degree programs, which are .04% of all BA degrees. Personal and Culinary Services BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 43 degrees.
BA degrees in Personal and Culinary Services are preparation for food services occupations as chefs and head cooks. These jobs need specialized skills but there are over 17 thousand associates degrees reported in culinary programs and more than 5 thousand one year certificates.
There are job openings for chefs and head cooks that apply BA degree skills for Personal and Culinary Services, but BA skills are not required for these jobs.
Back to 12-Personal Services Back to degrees
13-EDUCATION
Education had 107,238 BA degrees in 15 degree programs, which are 7.22% of all BA degrees. Education BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 334 degrees.
The match and summary of 107,022 BA degree graduates in 7 of the 15 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 142,723 openings using BA degree skills in 8 Education occupations are below.
Education degree programs have more MA degrees than BA degrees: 174,620 Master's degrees compared to 107,238 BA degrees for 2007 ending June 2006. This makes education a profession where many of those receiving master's degrees will move from classroom teaching into administrative posts and other educational specialties rather than teaching, even though some master's graduates enter teaching with an education master's degree as a second degree. These tendencies suggest BA degree totals are the more relevant totals to evaluate entry into teaching.
New BA degrees in ALL BA degree education programs are less than job openings needing BA degree skills with a degrees/openings ratio of .76 to 1, or 107,238 to 142,723. For new BA degrees in 7 of the 15 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is .75 to 1, or 107,022 to 142,723. The market for new teachers appears to be in BALANCE. Even though the ratio of degrees to openings is less than one the number of master's degree holders and arts and science graduates with teacher certification prevents shortages.
EDUCATION AND TRAINING OCCUPATIONS
-- Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education have an average for 2007 of 170,880 jobs and 4,459 job openings. Kindergarten teachers have been increasing at an average annual increase of 2,193 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for Kindergarten teachers are $45,120.
-- Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education have an average for 2007 of 1,538,030 jobs and 50,491 job openings. Elementary School Teachers have been increasing at an average increase of 18,413 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for elementary teachers are $47,330.
-- Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education have an average for 2007 of 652,560 jobs and 20,202 job openings. Middle School Teachers have been increasing at an average increase of 13,051 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for middle school teachers are $47,900.
-- Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education have an average for 2007 of 1,058,870 jobs and 33,275 job openings. Secondary teachers have been increasing at an average annual increase of 17,867 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 for Secondary teachers are $49.4 thousand.
-- Special Education Teachers have an average for 2007 of 461,420 jobs and 16,715 job openings. Special Education Teachers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 6,843 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for special education teachers range between $48.3 thousand and $49.6 thousand.
-- Adult Literacy, Remedial Education and GED Teachers have an average for 2007 of 72,240 jobs and 1,893 job openings. Median salaries in 2007 for Adult Literacy, Remedial Education and GED Teachers are $44.7 thousand.
-- Teachers and Instructors, All Other have an average for 2007 of 555,460 jobs and 12,901 job openings. Teachers and Instructors, All Other have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,193 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $30.0 thousand.
-- Education, Training and Library Workers, All Other have an average for 2007 of 98,790 jobs and 2,337 job openings. Education, Training, and Library workers, All Other have been increasing at an annual average increase of 8,410 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $33.0 thousand.
BA degrees in Education are preparation for classroom and special education teaching using BA degree skills in public and private schools. A BA degree in education or BA degrees with teacher certification are not entry degrees for jobs in educational administration, curriculum and instructional development, or counseling. These jobs are filled by those with master's degrees in relevant education specialties.
DEGREES
22. Education, General (13.01) Degrees
All 2,401 BA degrees in 13.01 Education, General could fill 19% of 12,901 forecasted openings in 1 education occupation, Teachers and Instructors, All Other. See also 27. Teaching English or French as a Second Language(13.14) and 28. Education Other (13.99)
23. Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education (13.02) Degrees
All 152 BA degrees in Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education (13.02) could fill 7% of the 2,337 forecasted openings in 1 Education Occupation, Education, Training, and Library workers, All Other.
24. Special Education and Teaching (13.10) Degrees
All 7,977 BA degrees in Special Education and Teaching (13.10) could fill 48% of 16,715 forecasted openings in 3 education occupations in special education occupations. These are Special Education Teachers for Elementary, Middle, and Secondary Schools.
25. Teacher Education and Development, Specific Levels and methods (13.12) Degrees
All 63,142 BA degrees in Teacher Education and Development, Specific Levels and Methods (13.12) could fill 81% of the 77,495 forecasted openings in 4 education occupations. These are Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle School Teachers, except Special Education and Adult Literacy, Remedial Education and GED Teachers.
26. Teacher Education & Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas (13.13) Degrees
All 31,117 BA degrees in Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas (13.13) could fill 94% of 33,325 forecasted openings in 1 education occupation, Secondary Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education.
27. Teaching English or French as a Second Language (13.14) Degrees
All 135 BA degrees in Teaching English or French as a Second Language (13.14) could fill an additional 1% of 12,901 forecasted openings in one education occupation, Teachers and Instructors, All Other. See also 22. Education, General (13.01) and 28. Education Other (13.99) below.
28. Education Other (13.99) Degrees All 2,098 BA degrees in Education Other (3.99) could fill an additional 16% of 12,901 forecasted openings in one education occupation, Teachers and Instructors, All Other. See also 22. Education, General (13.01) and 27. Teaching English or French as a Second Language (13.14)
Back to 13-Education Back to degrees
14-ENGINEERING
Engineering had 67,045 BA degrees in 34 degree programs, which are 4.51% of all BA degrees. Engineering BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 1,789 degrees.
The match and summary of 43,122 BA degree graduates in 19 of the 34 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 46,070 openings using BA degree skills in 18 Engineering occupations are below.
BA degrees in ALL BA degree engineering programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of nearly 1.46 to 1, or 67,045 to 46,070. For new BA degrees in the 19 BA engineering programs mentioned above and detailed below the Degrees/Openings ratio is .93 to 1, or 43,122 to 46,070.
There were also 30,989 MA degrees in engineering to add to qualified BA degree applicants. Including MA degrees candidates as entrants raises the degree/openings ratio to 2.13 to 1, or 98,034 to 46,070. Probably the majority of these degree candidates already have an engineering degree or related physical science degree so that they are less likely to be entrants competing with new BA degree candidates.
There were 9 engineering specialties with more job openings than degree specialties: aerospace engineers, civil engineers, environmental engineers, health and safety engineers, mining engineers, nuclear engineers, petroleum engineers, materials science and materials engineers. Combined they had 9,903 more openings than engineering degrees in the relevant programs to fill them.
There were also 23,923 more BA engineering degrees in some special programs, especially in agricultural engineering, biomedical and medical engineering, chemical engineering, electrical and electronics engineering and mechanical engineering. Engineering specialties have both SURPLUS and SHORTAGE.
ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS
-- Aerospace engineer have an average for 2007 of 85,510 jobs and 3,053 job openings. Aerospace engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,994 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $90.9 thousand.
-- Agricultural Engineer have an average for 2007 of 2,480 jobs and 143 job openings. Agricultural Engineers have been increasing with an annual average increase of 44 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $67.7 thousand.
-- Biomedical, Engineer have an average for 2007 of 15,400 jobs and 529 job openings. Biomedical Engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,257 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $75.4 thousand.
-- Chemical Engineer have an average for 2007 of 28,780 jobs and 1,113 job openings. Chemical Engineers have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $65.9 thousand.
-- Civil Engineer have an average for 2007 of 247,370 jobs and 8,116 job openings. Civil Engineering has been increasing at an annual average increase of 5,756 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $55.7 thousand.
-- Computer Hardware Engineer have an average for 2007 of 79,330 jobs and 1,508 job openings. Computer hardware engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,236 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $67.3 thousand.
-- Electrical Engineer have an average for 2007 of 148,800 jobs and 3,664 job openings. Electrical Engineers have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $64.9 thousand.
-- Electronics Engineer have an average for 2007 of 133,870 jobs and 2,940 job openings. Electronics engineers, except computer have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,454 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $64.8 thousand.
-- Environmental Engineer have an average for 2007 of 51,210 jobs and 2,206 job openings. Environmental Engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 420 from 2000 to 2007. Median wages are $72.3 thousand.
--Health and Safety Engineer have an average for 2007 of 24,770 and jobs and 815 job openings. Health and Safety Engineers have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $69.6 thousand.
-- Industrial Engineer have an average for 2007 of 204,210 jobs and 8,631 job openings. Industrial engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 4,629 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $71.4 thousand.
-- Mechanical Engineer have an average for 2007 of 222,330 jobs and 7,026 job openings. Mechanical engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,147 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $72.3 thousand.
-- Materials Engineer have an average for 2007 of 21,910 jobs and 647 job openings. Materials engineers have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $77.2 thousand.
-- Mining-Geological Engineers have an average for 2007 of 7,150 jobs and 284 job openings. Mining and Geological Engineers, including Mining Safety Engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 66 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $74.3 thousand.
-- Marine Engineer and Naval Architects have an average for 2007 of 6,620 jobs and 496 job openings. Marine Engineers and Naval Architects have been increasing at annual average increase of 277 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $76.2 thousand.
-- Nuclear Engineers have an average for 2007 of 14,300 jobs and 558 job openings. Nuclear engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 241 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $94.4 thousand.
-- Petroleum Engineers have an average for 2007 of 16,060 jobs and 574 job openings. Petroleum engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 930 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $103.9 thousand.
-- Engineers, All Other have an average for 2007 of 169,950 jobs and 3,767 job openings. Engineers, All Other have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $85.3 thousand.
SALES OCCUPATIONS
-- Sales Engineers have an average for 2007 of 75,940 jobs and 2,853 job openings. Sales engineers have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $80.3 thousand.
The biggest shares of engineers, 37 percent, work for manufacturing firms that have declining employment. There is a general movement into specialized engineering services firms. The government also has 10 to 11 percent of engineering jobs, especially civil engineer.
DEGREES
29. Engineering General (14.01) Degrees
All 2,025 BA degrees in Engineering General 14.01 could fill 54% of 3,767 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, which is Engineers, All Other. See also 47. Engineering, Other(14.99)
30. Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering (14.02) Degrees
All 2,753 BA degrees in Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering 14.02 could fill 90% of 3,053 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Aerospace engineer.
31. Agricultural/biological Engineering and Bioengineering (14.03) Degrees
143 of 696 BA degrees in Agricultural/biological Engineering and Bioengineering 14.03 could fill 100% of 143 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Agricultural Engineer.
32. Biomedical/Medical Engineering (14.05) Degrees
529 of 2,933 BA degrees in Biomedical/Medical Engineering (14.05) could fill 100% of 529 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Biomedical Engineers.
33. Chemical Engineering (14.07) Degrees
1,113 of 3,213 BA degrees in Chemical Engineering 14.07 could fill 100% of 1,113 openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Chemical Engineers.
34. Civil Engineering (14.08) Degrees
8,116 of 9,090 BA degrees in Civil Engineering 14.08 could fill 100% of 8,116 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Civil Engineer.
35. Computer Engineering General (14.09) Degrees
All 5,610 BA degrees in Computer Engineering General 14.09 were assigned to 1 engineering occupation and 2 computing occupations.
First, 1,508 of the Computer Engineering General (14.09) BA degrees could fill 100% of openings in one computing occupation, Computer Hardware Engineers.
Second, 118 of the Computer Engineering General (14.09) BA degrees could fill the remaining 1% of 12,596 forecasted openings as Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software. See also 15. Information System Studies (11.04)
Third, the remaining 3,983 Computer Engineering General (14.09) BA degrees could fill an additional 25% of 16,115 forecasted openings as Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts. See also 19. Computer Systems Networking & Telecommunications(11.09)
36. Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering (14.10) Degrees
9,457 of 13,966 Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering(14.10) BA degrees were assigned to 2 Engineering occupations and 1 Sales occupation.
First, 3,664 of the Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering (14.10) BA degrees could fill 100% of 3,664 forecasted openings as Electrical Engineers.
Second, 2,940 of the Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering (14.10) BA degrees could fill 100% of 2,940 forecasted openings as Electronics Engineers, Except Computer.
Third, 2,853 of the Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering (14.10) BA degrees could fill 100% of 2,853 forecasted openings as Sales Engineer.
37. Environmental/environmental health engineering (14.14) Degrees
All 411 BA degrees in Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering (14.14) could fill 19% of 2,206 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Environmental Engineers.
38. Materials engineering (14.18) Degrees All 596 BA degrees in Materials Engineering (14.18) could fill 92% of 647 openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Materials engineers. See also 44. Materials Science(14.31)
39. Mechanical engineering (14.19) Degrees
7,026 of 15,850 BA degrees in Mechanical Engineering (14.19) could fill 44% of 7,026 forecasted openings in one Engineering occupation, Mechanical Engineers.
40. Mining and mineral engineering (14.2101) Degrees
All 117 BA degrees in Mining and Mineral engineering (14.2101) could fill 41% of 284 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Mining and Geological Engineers, including Mining Safety Engineers.
41. Naval architecture and marine engineering (14.22) Degrees
All 318 BA degrees in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering (14.22) could fill 64% of 496 forecasted openings in one Engineering occupation, Marine Engineers and Naval Architects.
42. Nuclear engineering (14.2301) Degrees
All 360 BA degrees in Nuclear engineering 14.2301 could fill 65% of 558 forecsted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Nuclear Engineer.
43. Petroleum Engineers (14.25) Degrees
All 353 BA degrees in Petroleum Engineers 14.25 could fill 61% of 574 forecasted openings in one Engineering occupation, Petroleum engineer.
44. Materials Science (14.31) Degrees
51 of 204 Materials Science (14.31) could fill the remaining 8% of 647 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Materials Engineer. See also 38. Materials Engineering(14.18)
45. Industrial Engineering (14.35) BA Degrees
All 3,072 BA degrees in Industrial engineering 14.35 could fill 36% of 8,631 forecasted openings in one Engineering occupation, Industrial Engineer. See also 46. Manufacturing Engineering (14.36) below.
46. Manufacturing Engineering (14.36) Degrees
All 285 BA degrees in Manufacturing Engineering (14.36) could fill an additional 3% of 8,631 openings in one Engineering occupation, which is also Industrial Engineer. See also 45. Industrial engineering 14.35 above
47. Engineering, Other (14.99) Degrees
All 787 BA degrees in Engineering, Other 14.99 could fill an additional 21% of 3,767 openings in one Engineering occupation, which is Engineers, all other. See also 29. Engineering General (14.01)
Back to 14-Engineering Back to degrees
15-ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES/TECHNICIANS
Engineering Technologies/Technicians had 14,178 BA degrees in 17 degree programs, which are .95% of all BA degrees. Engineering Technologies/Technicians BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 75 degrees.
The match and summary of 162 BA degree graduates in 1 of the 17 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 3,514 openings using BA degree skills in 1 Architecture, Surveyor, Cartographer Occupation is below.
New BA degrees are less than job openings using BA degree skills with a Degrees/Openings ratio of .02 to 1, or 162 to 3,514. Those with BA degree training as a surveyor can expect to find employment without much delay.
ARCHITECTURE OCCUPATIONS
-- Surveyors have an average for 2007 of 56,670 jobs and 3,514 job openings. Surveyor jobs have been growing at an annual average of 560 from 2000 through 2007. Median wages in 2007 for surveyors are $51.6 thousand.
A BA degree in Surveying is preparation for a career as a surveyor although other ways are available to learn to be a surveyor. Three out of four Surveyor's jobs are at architecture firms with almost all the rest for construction firms or the government.
DEGREES
48. Engineering-Related Technologies (15.11) Degrees
All 162 BA degrees in Engineering-Related Technologies 15.11 could fill 5% of 3,514 forecasted openings in one Engineering occupation, Surveyor.
Back to 15-Engineering Back to degrees
16-FOREIGN LANGUAGES, LITERATURE, AND LINGUISTICS
Foreign Languages, Literature, and Linguistics had 19,410 BA degrees in 17 degree programs, which are 1.31% of all BA degrees. Foreign Languages, Literature, and Linguistics BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 853 degrees.
BA degrees in Foreign Languages, Literature, and Linguistics are preparation for jobs as interpreters, translators, and teaching, or graduate work for college teaching. Interpreters and translators need long term experience and specialized training but not necessarily a BA degree. Teaching in the public schools is a source of job openings for those with foreign language skills.
Back to 16-Foreign Back to degrees
19-FAMILY AND CONSUMER SCIENCES/HUMAN SCIENCES, GENERAL
Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, General had 20,775 BA degrees in 9 degree programs, which are 1.40% of all BA degrees. Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, General BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 684 degrees.
The match and summary of 3,904 BA degree graduates in 2 of the 9 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 2,105 openings using BA degree skills in 1 Education, Training and Library occupation and 1 Health Diagnosing and Treatment Occupation are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences BA programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a degrees/openings ratio of 9.9 to 1, or 20,775 to 2,105. For new BA degrees in the 2 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is 1.9 to 1, or 3,904 to 2,105. However, other BA degree programs are preparation for both of these jobs so markets tend toward SURPLUS. Expect some delay finding openings for these jobs.
EDUCATION AND TRAINING OCCUPATIONS
-- Farm and Home Management Advisors have an average for 2007 of 12,050 jobs and 271 job openings. Farm and home management advisors have been increasing at an annual average increase of 251 from 2000 to 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $41.8 thousand.
HEALTH DIAGNOSING AND TREATING PRACTITIONER OCCUPATIONS
-- Dietitians and Nutritionists have an average for 2007 of 52,800 jobs and 1,834 job openings. Nutritionists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,396 from 2000 and 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $49 thousand.
Farm and home management advisors have more than 70 percent of jobs at colleges and universities. Local governments employ nearly 15 percent with a few others in management consulting.
DEGREES
49. Family and Consumer Economics and Related Studies (19.04) Degrees
271 of 1,332 BA degrees in Family and Consumer Economics and Related Studies (19.04) could fill 100% of job 271 forecasted openings in 1 Family and Consumer Science/Human Sciences occupation, Farm and Home Management Advisors.
50. Foods, Nutrition, and related Services (19.05) Degrees
143 of 2,572 BA degrees in Foods, Nutrition, and Related Services (19.05) could fill 8% of 1,834 forecasted openings in 1 Family and Consumer Science/Human Sciences occupation, Dietitians and Nutritionists. See also 82. Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Services(51.31)
Back to 19-Family Back to degrees
22-LEGAL PROFESSIONS AND STUDIES
Legal Professions and Studies had 3,302 BA degrees in 4 BA degree programs, which are .22% of all BA degrees. Legal Professions and Studies BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 269 degrees.
The match and summary of 1,763 BA degree graduates in 2 of the 4 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 6,987 openings using BA degree skills in 2 Legal Services occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Legal Professions and Studies are less than job openings using BA degrees skills by a degree/openings ratio of .47 to 1, or 3,302 to 6,987. For new BA degrees in the 2 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below, the degrees/openings ratio is .25 to 1, or 1,763 to 6,987.
Associates(AA) degrees in legal support services are also a common career path for entry into paralegal and legal assistant positions. There are 10,509 AA degrees reported in Legal Professions and Studies. Combining 3,302 BA degrees with AA degrees raises the degree/openings ratio to 1.98 to 1, or 13,811 to 6,987. BA degrees are in SHORTAGE compared to openings. The paralegals job market tends toward SURPLUS with some delays possible, but BA degree holders can expect a preference over AA degree holders.
LEGAL SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS
-- Paralegals and Legal Assistants have an average for 2007 of 241,270 jobs and 6,732 job openings. Paralegals have been increasing at an annual average increase of 8,849 from 2000 through 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $44.0 thousand.
-- Law Clerks have an average for 2007 of 31,160 jobs and 255 job openings. Law clerks have been increasing at an annual average increase of 281 from 2000 through 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $37.5 thousand.
More than 70 percent of paralegals work in legal services with the rest scattered in small amounts in many industries. Law clerks work for law firms or courts.
DEGREES
51. Legal support Services (22.03) Degrees
All 1,338 BA degrees in Legal support Services (22.03) could fill 20% of 6,732 forecasted openings in one occupation in Legal Profession, Paralegals and Legal Assistants.
52. Legal Professions and Studies, Other (22.99) Degrees
255 of 425 BA degrees in Legal Professions and Studies, Other (22.99) could fill 100% of 255 forecasted openings in one Legal Profession, Law clerks.
Back to 22-Legal Back to degrees
23-ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE/LETTERS
English Language and Literature/Letters had 55,096 BA degrees in 8 degree programs, which are 3.71% of all BA degrees. English Language and Literature/Letters BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 735 degrees.
The match and summary of 42,488 BA degree graduates in 2 of the 8 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 4,627 openings using BA degree skills in 2 Media and Communications occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL English Language and Literature/Letters outnumber job openings using BA degrees skills by a Degree/Openings ratio of 11.9 to 1, or 55,096 to 4,627. For new BA degrees in the 2 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below, the degrees/openings ratio is 9.2 to 1, or 42,488 to 4,627. These degrees are in SURPLUS. Expect slow entry and long delays for new BA degree holders.
MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS OCCUPATIONS
-- Technical Writer have an average for 2007 of 46,470 jobs and 2,165 job openings. Technical Writers have been decreasing from 2000 through 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $60.4 thousand.
-- Writers and Authors have an average for 2007 of 44,310 jobs and 2,462 job openings. Writers and Authors have been increasing at an annual average of 414 from 2000 through 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $50.6 thousand.
Nearly two-thirds of writers and authors are self employed with others in publishing and advertising. Over 60 percent of technical writers work in the computer design industry, manufacturing and government jobs.
DEGREES
53. English Language and Literature, General (23.01) Degrees
2,462 of 42,034 BA degrees in English Language and Literature, General (23.01) could fill 100% of 2,462 forecasted openings in one Media and Communication occupation, Writers and Authors.
54. Technical and Business Writing (23.11) Degrees
All 454 BA degrees in Technical and Business Writing 23.11 could fill the remaining 21% of 2,165 openings in one media and Communication occupation, Technical Writer. See also 10. Journalism 09.04
Back to 23-English Back to degrees
24-LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES, GENERAL STUDIES, AND HUMANITIES
Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies, and Humanities had 44,898 BA degrees in 1 degree program, which are 3.02% of all BA degrees. Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies, and Humanities BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 1,387 degrees.
BA degrees in Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies, and Humanities are preparation for graduate school, teaching or other work that may or may not need BA degree skills.
Back to 24-Liberal Arts Back to degrees
25-LIBRARY SCIENCE
Library Science had 76 BA degrees in 3 degree programs, which are .01% of all BA degrees. Library Science BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 5 degrees.
BA degrees in Library Science are preparation for jobs that support the work of librarians. These jobs may benefit from, but do not need, BA degree skills. Entry jobs as librarians require a master's degree.
Back to 25-Library Back to degrees
26-BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Biological and Biomedical Sciences had 69,178 BA degrees in 13 degree programs, which are 4.66% of all BA degrees. Biological and Biomedical Sciences BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 1,725 degrees.
The match and summary of 53,708 BA degree graduates in 3 of the 13 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 4,381 openings using BA degree skills in 4 Life Science occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Biological and Biomedical programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 15.8 to 1, or 69,178 to 4,381. For new BA degrees in the 3 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is 12.3 to 1, or 53,708 to 4,381. These degrees are in SURPLUS. Expect slow entry and possibly lengthy delays.
LIFE SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS
-- Biological Technicians have an average for 2007 of 69,110 jobs and 2,474 job openings. Biology Technicians have been increasing at an annual average increase of 3,921 from 2000 through 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $37.8 thousand.
-- Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists have an average for 2007 of 17,830 jobs and 781 job openings. Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 874 from 2000 through 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $55.1 thousand.
-- Forensic Science Technician have an average for 2007 of 12,030 jobs and 694 openings. Forensic Science Technicians have been increasing at an annual average increase of 840 from 2000 through 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $47.7 thousand.
-- Life Scientist, All Other have an average for 2007 of 12,470 jobs and 432 job openings. Life Scientists, All Other have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $59.0 thousand.
Nearly 60 percent of jobs as zoologists and wildlife biologists are in government with another 14 percent in research and development. More than 30 percent of Biology Technicians work at universities as part of research with 20 percent in government and others at private research firms. Forensic Science Technicians work almost exclusively in government positions with a few at testing laboratories.
DEGREES
55. Biology, General (26.01) Degrees
2,905 of 50,190 BA degrees in Biology, General 26.01 could fill 100% of openings in two occupations.
First, 432 of the Biology, General 26.01 BA degrees could fill 100% of 432 forecasted openings as Life Scientists, All Other.
Second, 2,474 of the Biology, General 26.01 BA degrees could fill 100% of 2,474 forecasted openings as Biology Technicians.
56. Zoology/Animal Biology (26.07) Degrees
781 of 2,140 BA degrees in Zoology/Animal Biology 26.07 could fill 100% of 781 forecasted openings in 1 Life Science occupation, Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists.
57. Physiology, Pathology and Related Sciences (26.09) Degrees
269 of 1,378 BA degrees in Physiology, Pathology and Related Sciences 26.09 could fill 39% of 694 forecasted openings in one Life Science occupation, Forensic Science Technicians. See also 64. Criminal Justice and Corrections (43.01)
Back to 26-Biological Sciences Back to degrees
27-MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS
Mathematics and Statistics had 14,770 BA degrees in 4 degree programs, which are .99% of all BA degrees. Mathematics and Statistics BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 619 degrees.
The match and summary of 1,183 BA degree graduates in 1 of the 4 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 1,076 openings using BA degree skills in 1 Mathematical Science occupation are below.
New BA degrees in 1 of the 4 Mathematics and Statistics BA degree programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a ratio of degrees to openings of 1.1 to 1, or 1,183 to 1,076. Degrees to openings indicates a market BALANCE within the one applied mathematics specialty, but survey research is an occupation with low employment. Expect delays in finding jobs in survey research.
SOCIAL SCIENCE OCCUPATION
-- Survey Research have an average for 2007 of 22,140 jobs and 1,076 job openings. Survey Researchers have not been growing from 2000 through 2007. Median wages for 2007 are $36.8 thousand.
Nearly half of survey researchers work at specialized research and public opinion firms. A few work in government and some are self employed. BA degrees in Mathematics and Statistics are preparation other jobs in teaching, or graduate work. Jobs actually using mathematics tend to require advanced degrees and specialized experience. These jobs are primarily mathematician, operations research, statistician and actuary.
DEGREES
58. Applied Mathematics (27.03) Degrees
1,076 of 1,183 BA degrees in Applied Mathematics (27.03) could fill 100% of 1,076 forecasted openings using BA degree skills in 1 occupation, Survey Researchers.
Back to 27-mathematics Back to degrees
29-MILITARY TECHNOLOGIES
Military Technologies had 33 BA degrees in 1 degree program, which are .005% of all BA degrees. Military Technologies BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 2 degrees.
BA degrees in Military Technologies are preparation for the military.
Back to 29-Military Back to degrees
30-MULTIDISCIPINARY SCIENCE
Multidisciplinary Science had 32,012 BA degrees in 21 degree programs, which are 2.16% of all BA degrees. Multidisciplinary Science BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 1,203 degrees.
The match and summary of 127 BA degree graduates in 2 of the 21 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 399 openings using BA degree skills in 1 Library, Curators and Archives Occupation are below.
New BA degrees in Museology/Museum Studies and Historic Preservation and Conservation are less than job openings using BA degree skills with a degrees/openings ratio of .32 to 1, or 127 to 399. Even though degrees are in SHORTAGE the market is small and confined to museums. Expect some delay.
LIBRARIAN, CURATOR AND ARCHIVIST OCCUPATIONS
Museum Technicians and Conservators have an average for 2007 of 9,950 jobs and 399 job openings. Museum Technicians and Conservators have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,056 from 2000 through 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $35.3 thousand.
Museum technicians and conservators work in government or in private museums and historical sites. Museum technicians and conservators work under the supervision of museum curators and archivists who typically have graduate degrees.
DEGREES
59. Historic Preservation and Conservation (30.12) Degrees
All 108 BA degrees in Historic Preservation and Conservation 30.12 could fill 27% of 399 forecasted openings in one historic preservation occupation, Museum Technicians and Conservators. See also 60. Museology/Museum Studies (30.14) below.
60. Museology/Museum Studies (30.14) Degrees
All 19 BA degrees in Museology/Museum Studies 30.14 could fill 5% of 399 forecasted openings in one historic preservation occupation, Museum Technicians and Conservators. See also 59. Historic Preservation and Conservation (30.12) above.
Back to 30-Multidisciplinary Science Back to degrees
31-PARKS, RECREATION, LEISURE AND FITNESS STUDIES
Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies had 25,490 BA degrees in 4 degree programs, which are 1.72% of all BA degrees. Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 1,185 degrees.
BA degrees in Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies are preparation for jobs as personal trainers, sports and fitness administrators, recreation workers. These jobs may benefit from, but do not require, a BA degree for entry.
Back to 31-Parks Back to degrees
38-PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES
Philosophy and Religious Studies had 11,985 BA degrees in 3 degree programs, which are .81% of all BA degrees. Philosophy and Religious Studies BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 685 degrees.
BA degrees in Philosophy and Religious Studies are preparation for teaching religious history and philosophy, or graduate study or divinity study.
Back to 38-Philosophy Back to degrees
39-THEOLOGY AND RELIGIOUS VOCATIONS
Theology and Religious Vocations had 8,548 BA degrees in 7 degree programs, which are .58% of all BA degrees. Theology and Religious Vocations BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 316 degrees.
BD degrees in Theology and Religious Vocations are preparation for jobs in teaching, or other religious education. Bachelors of Devinity is preparation for the Masters of Divinity.
Back to 39-Theology Back to degrees
40, 41-PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES/TECHNICIANS
Physical Science and Science Technologies had 20,318 BA degrees in 11 degree programs, which are 1.37% of all BA degrees. Physics BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 468 degrees.
The match and summary of 15,798 BA degree graduates in 3 of the 11 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 5,026 openings using BA degree skills in 4 Physical Science occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Physical Science and Science Technologies outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 4 to 1, or 20,318 to 5,026. For new BA degrees in the 3 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the Degree/Openings ratio is 3.1 to 1, or 15,798 to 5,026. The degrees are in SURPLUS. Expect delays and a long entry search.
PHYSICAL SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS
-- Atmospheric and Space Scientists have an average for 2007 of 8,750 jobs and 481 job openings. Atmospheric and Space Scientists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 209 from 2000 through 2007. Median wages in 2007 for Atmospheric and Space Scientists are $78.4 thousand.
-- Chemists have an average for 2007 of 79,860 jobs and 3,492 job openings. Chemists have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $63.4 thousand.
-- Materials Scientists have an average for 2007 of 9,740 jobs and 401 job openings. Materials Scientists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 154 from 2000 to 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $76.2 thousand.
-- Physical Scientists have an average for 2007 of 23,300 jobs and 652 job openings. Physical Scientists, All Other have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $87.6 thousand.
More than 40 percent of Atmospheric and Space Scientists work in government and most of the rest at research firms, education and a few in TV broadcasting. Chemists and materials scientists work primarily in the pharmaceutical industry, but also other areas in manufacturing, especially chemical manufacturing. Otherwise they work in testing labs, universities and government. Physical scientists work primarily at engineering firms, testing labs and at research firms.
DEGREES
61. Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology (40.04) Degrees
481 of 651 BA degrees in Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology 40.04 could fill 100% of 481 openings in one science occupation, Atmospheric and Space Scientists.
62. Chemistry (40.05) Degrees
3,893 of 10,606 BA degrees in Chemistry (40.05) were assigned to two science occupations.
First, 3,492 of the Chemistry (40.05) BA degrees could fill 100% of 3,492 forecasted openings as Chemists.
Second, 401 of the Chemistry (40.05) BA degrees could fill 100% of 401 forecasted openings as Materials Scientists.
63. Physics (40.08) Degrees
652 of 4,541 BA degrees in Physics 40.08 could fill 100% of 652 forecasted openings in one science occupation, Physical Scientists, All Other.
Back to 41-Physical Science Back to degrees
42-PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology had 88,134 BA degrees in 23 degree programs, which are 5.93% of all BA degrees. Psychology BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 2,920 degrees.
BA degrees in Psychology are preparation for teaching or graduate school in related specialties for clinical, counseling and school psychologists, industrial-organizational psychologists, and social work specialties. Jobs that apply psychology directly in professional work tend to require graduate degrees.
Back to 42-Psychology Back to degrees
43-SECURITY AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES
Security and Protective Services had 35,313 BA degrees in 15 degree programs, which are 2.37% of all BA degrees. Security and Protective Services BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 2,022 degrees.
The match and summary of 32,925 BA degree graduates in 1 of the 15 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 3,222 openings using BA degree skills in 1 Life Science occupation and 1 Social and Community Service occupation are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Security and Protective Services programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 11.0 to 1, or 35,313 to 3,222. New BA degrees in Criminal Justice and Corrections outnumber openings 10.2 to 1, or 32,925 to 3,222. Degrees are in SURPLUS for the occupations that need a BA degree. Expect delays finding openings for these two
LIFE SCIENCE OCCUPATION
-- Forensic Science Technicians have an average for 2007 of 12,030 jobs and 694 job openings. Forensic Science Technicians have been increasing at an annual average increase of 840 from 2000 through 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $47.7 thousand.
SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE OCCUPATION
-- Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists have an average for 2007 of 94,120 jobs and 2,528 job openings. Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,946 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for are $35.6 thousand.
64. Criminal Justice and Corrections (43.01) Degrees
2,953 of 34,750 BA degrees in Criminal Justice and Corrections 43.01 could fill 2 social service occupations
First, 425 Criminal Justice and Corrections (43.01) BA degrees could fill the remaining 61% of 694 forecasted openings as Forensic Science Technicians. See also See also 57. Physiology, Pathology and Related Sciences (26.09)
Second, 2,528 Criminal Justice and Corrections (43.01) BA degrees could fill 100% of 2,528 forecasted openings as Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists.
Back to 43-Security Services Back to degrees
44-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SOCIAL SERVICE PROFESSIONS
Public Administration and Social Service Professions had 21,986 BA degrees in 6 degree programs, which are 1.48% of all BA degrees. Public Administration and Social Service Professions BA degrees show a 5 year average annual increase of 508 degrees.
The match and summary of 18,599 BA degree graduates in 4 of the 6 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 21,451 openings using BA degree skills in 4 Community and Social Service occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Public Administration and Social Service Professions programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 1.02 to 1, or 21,986 to 21,451. For new BA degrees in the 4 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is .87 to 1, or 18,599 to 21,451. Degrees are in BALANCE with openings. Expect rapid entry depending on social service funding.
SOCIAL SERVICE OCCUPATIONS
-- Child, Family, and School Social Workers have an average for 2007 of 265,090 jobs and 9,486 job openings. Child, Family, and School Social Workers have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $36.2 thousand.
-- Medical and Public Health Social Workers have an average for 2007 of 120,060 jobs and 4,783 job openings. Medical and Public Health Social Workers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,381 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $44.7 thousand.
-- Social Workers, All Other have an average for 2007 of 64,990 jobs and 2,251 job openings. Social Workers, All Other have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $45.8 thousand.
-- Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other have an average for 2007 of 109,970 jobs and 4,931 job openings. Community and Social Service Specialists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 5,180 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $36.4 thousand.
Government is the primary sponsor for social work with 45 to 50 percent of jobs. Health care providers also sponsor and fund social work and employ social workers. Religious organizations and non-profit organizations sponsor selected social services.
DEGREES
65. Human Services General (44.00) Degrees
All 2,010 BA degrees in Human Services General 44.00 could fill 41% of 4,931 forecasted openings in 1 social service occupation, Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other. See also 66. Community Organization and Advocacy(44.02)and 68. Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other(44.99)
66. Community Organization and Advocacy (44.02) Degrees
All 2,087 BA degrees in Community Organization and Advocacy (44.02) could fill an additional 42% of 4,931 openings in one social service occupation, Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other. See also 65. Human Services General(44.00) and 68. Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other(44.99)
67. Social Work (44.07) Degrees
All 13,547 BA degrees in Social Work 44.07 were assigned to 3 social service occupations.
First, 9,486 Social Work (44.07) BA degrees could fill 100% of 9,486 openings as Child, Family, and School Social Workers.
Second, 3,111 Social Work (44.07) BA Degrees could fill 65% of 4,783 forecasted openings as Medical and Public Health Social Workers. See also 78. Mental and Social Health Services and Allied professions(51.15)
Third, 950 Social Work (44.07) BA degrees could fill 42% of 2,251 forecasted openings as Social Workers, All Other. See also 68. Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other(44.99)
68. Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other (44.99) Degrees
All 955 BA degrees in Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other (44.99) were assigned to 2 social service occupations.
First, 834 of 955 BA degrees in Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other (44.99) could fill the remaining 17% of 4,931 forecasted openings in one social service occupation, Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other. See also 65. Human Services General(44.00) and 66. Community Organization and Advocacy(44.02)
Second, 121 of 955 BA in Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other (44.99) could fill 5% of 2,251 forecasted openings in one social service occupation, Social Workers, All Other. See also 67. Social Work(44.07)
Back to 44-Public Administration Back to degrees
45-SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HISTORY
Social Sciences and History had 161,485 BA degrees in 13 degree programs, which are 10.87% of all BA degrees. Social Sciences and History BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 6,690 degrees.
The match and summary of 33,717 BA degree graduates in 3 of the 13 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 15,542 openings using BA degree skills in 1 Community and Social Service occupation, 1 Social Science Occupation and 1 Architecture, Surveyors and Cartographers occupation are below.
New BA degrees in ALL social science degree programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 10.4 to 1, or 161,485 to 15,542. New BA degrees in the 3 programs mentioned above and detailed below outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Openings ratio of 2.17 to 1, or 33,717 to 15,542. Degrees are in SURPLUS. Expect delays and a long job search.
SOCIAL SERVICE OCCUPATION
-- Substance Abuse & Behavioral Disorder Counselors have an average for 2007 of 76,830 jobs and 4,497 job openings. Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,964 between 2000 and 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $35.6 thousand.
SOCIAL SCIENCE OCCUPATION
-- Market Research Analyst with an average of 220,740 jobs and 10,372 job openings. Market Research Analyst's have been increasing at an annual average increase of 17,387 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $60.3 thousand.
ARCHTITECTURE OCCUPATION
-- Cartographers and Photogrammetrists with an average of 11,460 jobs and 673 job openings. Cartographers and photogrammetrists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 586 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $50.0 thousand
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors have 75 percent of jobs in health care and most of the rest in government. Market Research Analysts are scattered around many sectors but one in four work in independent professional service firms. Cartographers and Photogrammetrists work in architectural offices, engineering and professional services firms or the government.
DEGREES
69. Criminology (45.04) Degrees
4,497 of 5,626 BA degrees in Criminology 45.04 could fill 100% of 4,497 forecasted openings in 1 Community and Social Service occupation, Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors. These degrees outnumber job openings as Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors using BA degree skills by a degrees/openings ratio of 1.25 to 1, or 5,625 to 4,497.
70. Economics (45.06) Degrees
10,372 of 23,807 BA degrees in Economics 45.06 could fill 100% of 10,372 forecsted openings in one Social Science occupation, Market Research Analyst. These degrees outnumber job openings as Market Research Analysts using BA degree skills by a degrees/openings ratio of 2.29 to 1, or 23,807 to 10,372.
71. Geography and Cartography (45.07) Degrees
673 of 4,284 BA degrees in Geography and Cartography 45.07 could fill 100% of 673 forecasted openings in 1 Architectural occupation, Cartographers and Photogrammetrists. These degrees outnumber job openings as Cartographers and Photogrammatrists using BA degree skills by a degrees/openings ratio of 6.36 to 1, or 4,248 to 673.
Back to 45-Social Sciences Back to degrees
46-CONSTRUCTION TRADES
Construction Trades had 141 BA degrees in 7 degree programs, which are .01% of all BA degrees. Construction Trades BA degrees show a 5 year average decrease of 12 degrees.
BA degrees in Construction Trades are preparation for jobs in the construction occupations as masons, carpenters, electrical workers, plumbing and building management and inspection. These jobs may benefit from, but do not need, BA degree skills.
Back to 46-Construction Back to degrees
47-MECHANIC AND REPAIR TECHNOLOGIES/TECHNICIANS
Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians had 246 BA degrees in 6 degree programs, which are .02% of all BA degrees. Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 37 degrees.
BA degrees in Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians are preparation for jobs in installation maintenance and repair occupations in electrical, electronics, and telecommunications installation and repair, HVAC mechanics, heavy equipment and vehicle maintenance and repair, precision equipment maintenance and repair. These jobs may benefit from, but do not need, BA degree skills.
Back to 47-Mechanic-Repairs Back to degrees
48-PRECISION PRODUCTION
Precision Production had 55 BA degrees in 6 degree programs, which are .005% of all BA degrees. Precision Production BA degrees show a 5 year average decrease of 103 degrees.
BA degrees in Precision Production are preparation for jobs in production occupations in trades such as leatherworking, upholstery, metal working, machinists, tool and die makers, and woodworking. These jobs may benefit from, but do not need, BA degree skills.
Back to 48-Precision Production Back to degrees
49-TRANSPORTATION
Transportation had 5,349 BA degrees in 4 degree programs, which are .36% of all BA degrees. Transportation BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 320 degrees.
BA degrees in Transportation are preparation for jobs in transportation and moving occupations in aerospace technologies, aviation maintenance, ground transportation, marine transportation as pilots, drivers, locomotive engineers, sailors and ship captains, bridge tenders, and moving equipment operators. These jobs may benefit from, but do not need, BA degree skills.
Back to 49-Transportation Back to degrees
50-VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS
Visual and Performing Arts had 83,297 BA degrees in 9 degree programs, which are 2.14% of all BA degrees. Visual and Performing Arts BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 4,430 degrees.
The match and summary of 35,466 BA degree graduates in 3 of the 9 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 9,708 openings using BA degree skills in 6 Art and design Occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Visual and Performing Arts programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 8.6 to 1, or 83,297 to 9,708. New BA degrees in the 3 programs mentioned above and detailed below outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Openings ratio of 3.6 to 1, or 35,466 to 9,708. Degrees are in SURPLUS. Expect long delays for entry openings.
ART AND DESIGN OCCUPATIONS
-- Multi-Media Artists and Animators have an average for 2007 of 29,440 jobs and 2,802 job openings. Multi-media Artists and Animators have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $54.5 thousand.
-- Commercial and Industrial Designers have an average for 2007 of 34,800 jobs and 743 job openings. Commercial and Industrial Designers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 127 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $56.5 thousand.
-- Graphic Designers have an average for 2007 of 201,080 jobs and 4,874 job openings. Graphic Designers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 9,636 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $41.3 thousand.
-- Designers, All Other have an average for 2007 of 11,890 jobs and 380 job openings. Designers, All Other have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries are $43.7 thousand.
-- Set and Exhibit Designers have an average for 2007 of 8,620 jobs and 319 job openings. Set and Exhibit Designers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 21 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $43.2 thousand.
-- Film and Video Editors have an average for 2007 of 17,410 jobs and 590 job openings. Film and Video Editors have been increasing at an annual average increase of 917 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $47.9 thousand.
Nearly two-thirds of all those working in art and design occupations are self employed, although it varies by occupation: for graphic design 25 percent, for multimedia artists and for animators 70 percent. Others work in specialized design firms and advertising, but graphic designers work across many sectors of the economy including manufacturing.
DEGREES
72. Design and Applied Arts (50.04) Degrees
8,799 of 18,198 BA degrees in Design and Applied Arts (50.04) were assigned to 4 Art and Design occupations. These degrees outnumber job openings in Multi-Media Artists and Animators, Commercial and Industrial Designers, and Graphic Designers using BA degree skills by a degrees/openings ratio of 2.1 to 1, or 18,198 to 8,799.
First, 2,802 of the 18,198 Design and Applied Arts (50.04) BA degrees could fill 100% of 2,802 forecasted openings as Multi-Media Artists and Animators.
Second, 743 of the 18,198 Design and Applied Arts (50.04) BA degrees could fill 100% of openings as Commercial and Industrial Designers.
Third, 4,874 of the 18,198 Design and Applied Arts (50.04) BA degrees could fill 100% of 4,874 forecasted openings as Graphic Designers.
Fourth, 380 of the 18,198 Design and Applied Arts (50.04) BA degrees could fill 100% of 380 forecasted openings as Designers, All Other.
73. Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft (50.05) Degrees
319 of 9,813 BA degrees in Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft 50.05 could fill 100% of 319 forecasted openings in one Art and Design occupation, Set and Exhibit Designers. These degrees outnumber job openings in Set and Exhibit Designers using BA degree skills by a degrees/openings ratio of 30.8 to 1, or 9,813 to 319.
74. Film/Video and Photographic Arts (50.06) Degrees
590 of 7,435 BA degrees in Film/Video and Photographic Arts 50.06 could fill 100% of 590 forecasted openings in one Art and Design occupation, Film and Video Editors. These degrees outnumber job openings as Film and Video Editors using BA degree skills by a degrees/openings ratio of 5.9 to 1, or 7,435 to 590.
Back to 50-Visual and Perform Back to degrees
51-HEALTH PROFESSIONS AND RELATED CLINICAL SCIENCES
Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences programs had 91,973 BA degrees in 34 degree programs, which are 6.19% of all BA degrees. Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 3,697 degrees.
The match and summary of 68,367 BA degree graduates in 9 of the 34 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 127,494 openings using BA degree skills in 11 Health Diagnosing and Treating occupations and 2 occupations in Community and Social Service occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences programs are less than job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of .72 to 1, or 91,973 to 127,494. New BA degrees in the 9 programs mentioned above and detailed below are less than job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Openings ratio of .54 to 1, or 68,367 to 127,494. Degrees are widely in SHORTAGE. Expect rapid entry and few delays.
HEALTH DIAGNOSING AND TREATING PRACTITIONER OCCUPATIONS
-- Dietitians and Nutritionists have an average for 2007 of 52,800 jobs and 1,834 job openings. Dietitians and Nutritionists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,396 from 2000 and 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $49 thousand.
-- Registered Nurses have an average for 2007 of 2,468,340 jobs and 104,688 job openings. Registered Nurses have been increasing at an annual average increase of 39,810 for 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $60 thousand.
-- Recreational Therapists have an average for 2007 of 14,620 jobs and 636 job openings. Recreational Therapists have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $36.9 thousand.
-- Therapists, All Other have an average for 2007 of 11,580 jobs and 582 job openings. Therapists, All Other have been increasing at an annual average increase of 872 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $50.1 thousand.
-- Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other have an average for 2007 of 44,350 jobs and 1,844 job openings. Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $63.7 thousand.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS
-- Medical & Clinical Laboratory Technologists have an average for 2007 of 163,270 jobs and 6,370 job openings. Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,677 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $51.7 thousand.
-- Orthotists & Prosthetists have an average for 2007 of 5,600 jobs and 146 job openings. Orthotists and Prosthetists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 121 for 2000 to 2007. Median salaries are $60.5 thousand.
-- Occupational Health and Safety Specialists have an average for 2007 of 46,460 jobs and 1,253 job openings. Occupational Health and Safety Specialists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,525 from 2000 to 2007.Median wages are $60.1 thousand.
-- Occupational Health and Safety Technicians have an average for 2007 of 10,260 jobs and 362 job openings. Occupational Health and Safety Technicians have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median wages are $44.0 thousand.
-- Athletic Trainers have an average for 2007 of 14,970 jobs and 750 job openings. Athletic Trainers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 164 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $38.3 thousand.
-- Healthcare Practitioners & Technical Workers, All Other have an average for 2007 of 53,640 jobs and 1,658 job openings.
SOCIAL SERVICE OCCUPATIONS
-- Medical and Public Health Social Workers have an average for 2007 of 120,060 jobs and 4,783 job openings. Medical and Public Health Social Workers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,381 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $44.7 thousand.
-- Health Educator have an average for 2007 of 61,290 jobs and 2,588 job openings. Health Educator have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,515 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $42.9 thousand.
These jobs are primarily in health care office practices, hospitals, nursing care and social services with a few variations. Some occupations like therapist have many who are independent practitioners, or self employed. Athletic trainers are evenly split between health care, leisure and sports, and education.
DEGREES
75. Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General (51.00) Degrees
1,844 of 2,252 BA degrees in Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General 51.00 could fill 100% of 1,844 forecasted openings in one health occupation, Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other.
76. Allied Health Diagnostic, Intervention & Treatment Professions (51.09) Degrees
750 of 6,159 BA degrees in Allied Health Diagnostic, Intervention and Treatment Professions 51.09 could fill 100% of 750 forecasted openings in one health occupation, Athletic Trainer.
77. Clinical/Medical Laboratory Science and Allied Professions (51.10) Degrees
All 2,073 Clinical/Medical BA degrees in Laboratory Science and Allied Professions (51.10) could fill 33% of 6,370 openings in one health occupation, Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists.
78. Mental and Social Health Services and Allied professions (51.15) Degrees
All 1,672 BA degrees in Mental and Social Health Services and Allied professions 51.15 could fill the remaining 35% of 4,783 forecasted openings in one health occupation, Medical and Public Health Social Workers. See also 67. Social Work(44.07)
79. Nursing (51.16) Degrees
All 53,600 BA degrees in Nursing (51.16) were could fill 51% of 104,688 openings in one health occupation, Registered Nursing.
80. Public Health (51.22) Degrees All 2,095 BA degrees in Public Health 51.22 could fill 81% of 2,588 forecasted openings in one health occupation, which is Health Educator.
81. Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions (51.23) Degrees
2,979 of 3,397 BA degrees in Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions 51.23 were assigned to 5 health occupations.
First, 639 of the Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions (51.23) BA degrees could fill 100% of 639 forecasted openings as Recreational Therapists.
Second, 582 of the remaining Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions (51.23) BA degrees could fill 100% of 582 forecasted of the openings as Therapists, All Other.
Third, 146 of the remaining Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions (51.23) BA degrees could fill 100% of 146 forecasted openings as Orthotists and Prosthetists.
Fourth, 1,253 of the remaining Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions (51.23) BA degrees could fill 100% of 1,253 forecasted openings as Occupational Health and Safety Specialists.
Five, 362 of the remaining Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions (51.23) BA degrees could fill 100% of 362 forecasted openings as Occupational Health and Safety Technicians.
82. Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Services (51.31) Degrees
All 1,691 BA degrees in Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Services 51.31 could fill 92% of 1,834 forecasted openings in one health occupation, Dietitians and Nutritionists. See also 50. Foods, Nutrition, and related Services(19.05)
83. Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, Other (51.99) Degrees
1,658 of 3,172 BA degrees in Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, Other 51.99 could fill 100% of 1,658 forecasted openings in one occupation, Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other.
Back to 51-Health Professions Back to degrees
52-BUSINESS
Business programs had 317,391 BA degrees in 21 degree programs, which are 21.37% of all BA degree graduates. BA Business degrees show a 5 year average increase of 11,347 degrees.
The match and summary of 208,796 BA degree graduates in 5 of the 21 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 199,503 openings in 3 Managerial, 7 Business Operations, 12 Financial and 2 Sales Occupations using BA degree skills are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Business programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 1.6 to 1, or 317,391 to 199,503. For new BA degrees in the 5 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the Degree/Openings ratio is 1.05 to 1, or 208,796 to 199,503. BA degrees are in BALANCE with openings. However, 146,400 Master in Business Administration graduates complicate the job picture. While some of the MBA graduates already have jobs and many managerial jobs are only open to those with MBA's more of those with BA degrees in business compete with MBA graduates for jobs. BA business degree graduates should expect some delays and opportunities limited to those with MBA degrees.
MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS
-- Construction Managers have an average for 2007 of 216,120 jobs and 11,013 job openings. Construction Managers have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $76.2 thousand.
-- Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers have an average for 2007 of 159,660 jobs and 7,703 job openings. Property, Real Estate and Community Association Managers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,046 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $43.7 thousand.
-- Social and Community Service Managers have an average for 2007 of 112,330 jobs and 5,305 job openings. Social and Community Service Managers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,696 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $54.5 thousand.
BUSINESS OPERATIONS OCCUPATIONS
-- Cost Estimators have an average for 2007 of 219,070 jobs and 8,596 job openings. Cost estimators have been increasing at an annual average increase of 3,236 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $54.9 thousand.
-- Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists have an average for 2007 of 193,620 jobs and 6,091 job openings. Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists jobs have been increasing at an annual average of 794 from 2000 and 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $44.4 thousand.
-- Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists have an average for 2007 of 109,870 jobs and 3,408 job openings. Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 3,690 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $52.2 thousand.
-- Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other have an average for 2007 of 211,770 jobs and 6,641 job openings. Human Resources, Training, & Labor Relations Specialists, All Other have been increasing at an annual average increase of 13,210 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $54.3 thousand.
-- Logisticians have an average for 2007 of 90,340 jobs and 2,653 job openings. Logisticians have been increasing at an annual average increase of 9,475 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $64.3 thousand.
-- Meeting and Convention Planners have an average for 2007 of 45,490 jobs and 1,997 job openings. Meeting and Convention Planners have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,927 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $43.5 thousand.
-- Business Operation Specialists, All Other have an average for 2007 of 1,017,640 jobs and 37,192 job openings. Business Operations Specialists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 42,600 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $57 thousand.
FINANCIAL OCCUPATIONS
-- Accountants and Auditors have an average for 2007 of 1,115,010 jobs and 42,587 job openings. Accountants and auditors have been increasing at an annual average increase of 35,956 from 2000 to 2007. Median wages for accountants and auditors is $57 thousand.
-- Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate have an average for 2007 of 66,210 jobs and 3,038 job openings. Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,807 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $46.1 thousand.
-- Budget Analysts have an average for 2007 of 62,400 jobs and 1,332 job openings. Budget Analysts have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $63.4 thousand.
-- Credit Analysts have an average for 2007 of 70,890 jobs and 1,046 job openings. Credit Analysts have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,067 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $54.6 thousand.
-- Financial Analysts have an average for 2007 of 228,300 jobs and 10,101 job openings. Financial Analysts have been increasing at an annual average increase of 9,830 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $66.7 thousand.
-- Personal Financial Advisors have an average for 2007 of 132,460 jobs and 8,609 job openings. Personal Financial Advisors have been increasing at an annual average increase of 7,863 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $67.7 thousand.
-- Insurance Underwriters have an average for 2007 of 98,920 jobs and 2,401 job openings. Insurance Underwriters have been increasing at an annual average increase of 407 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $54.5 thousand.
-- Financial Examiners have an average for 2007 of 25,510 jobs and 799 job openings. Financial Examiners have been increasing at an annual average increase of 279 from 2000 to 2007. $66.7 thousand.
-- Loan Counselors have an average for 2007 of 30,150 jobs and 591 job openings. Loan Counselors have been increasing at an annual average increase of 664 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $36.5 thousand.
-- Loan Officers have an average for 2007 of 356,990 jobs and 9,427 job openings. Loan Officers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 21,923 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $53 thousand.
-- Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents and 65,750 jobs and job openings. Tax Examiners, Collectors & Revenue Agents have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $46.9 thousand.
-- Financial Specialists, All Other have an average for 2007 of 136,570 jobs and 3,514 job openings. Financial Specialists, All Other have been increasing at an annual average increase of 4,200 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $55.4 thousand.
SALES OCCUPATIONS
-- Insurance Sales Agents have an average for 2007 of 321,920 jobs and 13,031 job openings. Insurance sales agents have been increasing at an annual average increase of 11,584 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $44.1 thousand.
-- Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents have an average for 2007 of 268,480 jobs and 10,582 job openings. Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $68.4 thousand.
DEGREES
84. Business Administration (52.02) Degrees
117,254 of 135,807 BA degrees in 52.02 Business Administration could fill job openings in 13 managerial, business operations and sales occupations.
First, 11,013 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 11,013 forecasted openings as Construction Managers.
Second, 7,703 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 7,703 forecasted openings as Property, Real Estate, & Community Assoc Managers.
Third, 5,305 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 5,305 forecasted openings as Social and Community Service Managers.
Fourth, 8,596 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 8,596 forecasted openings as Cost Estimators.
Fifth, 6,173 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 93% of 6,641 forecasted openings as Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other. See also 87. Human Resources Management and Services(52.10)
Sixth, 2,653 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 2,653 forecasted openings as Logisticians.
Seventh, 1,997 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 1,997 forecasted openings as Meeting and Convention Planners.
Eighth, 37,192 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 37,192 forecasted openings as Business Operation Specialists, All Other.
Ninth, 7,650 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill the remaining 81% of 9,427 forecasted openings as Loan Officers. See also 86. Finance and Financial Management52.08
Tenth, 1,855 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 1,855 forecasted openings as Tax Examiners, Collectors & Revenue Agents.
Eleventh, 3,514 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 3,514 forecasted openings as Financial Specialists, All Other.
Twelfth, 13,021 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 13,021 forecasted openings as Insurance Sales Agents.
Thirteenth, 10,582 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02)BA degrees could fill 100% of 10,582 forecasted openings as Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents.
85. Accounting and Related Programs (52.03) Degrees
All 41,276 BA degrees in Accounting and Related Programs 52.03 could fill 97% of 42,587 forecasted openings in one Finance occupation, Accounting and Auditing.
86. Finance and Financial Management (52.08) Degrees
All 29,654 BA degrees in 52.08 Finance and Financial Management were assigned to job openings in 9 Finance occupations.
First, 3,038 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of 3,038 forecasted openings as Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate.
Second, 1,332 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of openings as Budget Analysts.
Third, 1,046 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of 1,046 forecasted openings as Credit Analysts.
Fourth, 10,101 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of 10,101 forecasted openings as Financial Analysts.
Fifth, 8,609 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of 8,609 forecasted openings as Personal Financial Advisors.
Sixth, 2,401 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of 2,401 forecasted openings as Insurance Underwriters.
Seventh, 799 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of 799 forecasted openings as Financial Examiners.
Eighth, 591 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of 591 forecasted openings as Loan Counselors.
Ninth, 1,755 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 19% of 9,427 forecasted openings as Loan Officers. See also 84. Business Administration(52.02)
87. Human Resources Management and Services (52.10) Degrees
All 9,967 BA degrees in 52.10 Human Resources Management and Services were assigned to job openings in 3 Business Operations Occupations.
First, 6,091 of the 9,967 Human Resources Management and Services (52.10) BA degrees could fill 100% of 6,091 forecasted openings as Employment, Recruitment, & Placement Specialists.
Second, 3,408 of the 9,967 Human Resources Management and Services (52.10) BA degrees could fill 100% of 3,408 forecasted openings as Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists.
Third, 468 of the remaining 9,967 Human Resources Management and Services (52.10) BA degrees could fill 7% of the remaining 6,641 forecasted openings as Human Resources, Training, & Labor Relations Specialists, All Other. See also 84. Business Administration (52.02)
88. Management Information Systems and Services (52.12) Degrees
All 10,605 BA degrees in 52.12 Management Information Systems and Services could fill 55% of the remaining 19,090 forecasted openings as Computer Systems Analysts. See also 16. Computer Systems Analysis (11.05)
Back to 52-Business Back to degrees
Part II. Matching Occupations Using BA Degree Skills to BA Degree Program Graduates
MANAGEMENT OCCUPATIONS
Go to Construction Managers
Go to Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers
Go to Social and Community Service Managers
BUSINESS OPERATIONS OCCUPATIONS
Go to Cost Estimators
Go to Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists
Go to Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists
Go to Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists, all other
Go to Logisticians
Go to Meeting and Convention Planners
Go to Business Operation Specialists, All Other
FINANCE OCCUPATIONS
Go to Accountants and Auditors
Go to Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate
Go to Budget Analysts
Go to Credit Analysts
Go to Financial analysts
Go to Personal Financial Advisors
Go to Insurance Underwriters
Go to Financial Examiners
Go to Loan Counselors
Go to Loan officers
Go to Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents
Go to Financial Specialists, All Other
COMPUTING OCCUPATIONS
Go to Computer Software Engineers-Applications
Go to Computer Programmers
Go to Database Administrators
Go to Computer Software Engineers-Systems Software
Go to Computer Systems Analysts Computer Systems Analysts
Go to Network Systems and Data Communications
Go to Network and Computer Systems Administrators
MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS OCCUPATIONS
ARCHITECTURE AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
Go to Architect, Except Landscape Architect
Go to Landscape Architect
Go to Surveyor
Go to Cartographers and Photogrammetrists
ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS
Go to Aerospace Engineer
Go to Agricultural Engineer
Go to Biomedical, Engineer
Go to Chemical Engineer
Go to Civil Engineer
Go to Computer Hardware Engineer
Go to Electrical Engineer
Go to Electronics Engineer
Go to Environmental Engineer
Go to Health and Safety Engineer
Go to Industrial Engineer
Go to Mechanical Engineer
Go to Materials Engineer
Go to Mining-Geological Engineer
Go to Marine Engineer
Go to Nuclear Engineer
Go to Petroleum Engineers
Go to Engineers, All Other
LIFE SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS
Go to Animal Scientist
Go to Food Scientist and Technologists
Go to Soil and Plant Scientist
Go to Conservation Scientist
Go to Forester
Go to Zoologists and Wildlife
Go to Life Scientist, All Other
Go to Biological Technicians
Go to Forensic Science Technician Or Go to Forensic Science Technician#2
PHYSICAL SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS
Go to Atmospheric and Space Scientists
Go to Chemists
Go to Materials Scientists
Go to Physical Scientists
SOCIAL SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS
Go to Survey Researchers
Go to Market Research Analyst
SOCIAL SERVICE OCCUPATIONS
Go to Substance Abuse & Behavioral Disorder Counselors
Go to Child, family, and school social workers
Go to Medical and Public Health Social Workers Or Go to Medical and Public Health Social Workers#2
Go to Social Workers, All Other
Go to Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other
Go to Health Educator
Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists
LEGAL SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS
Go to Paralegals and Legal Assistants
Go to Law Clerks
EDUCATION AND TRAINING OCCUPATIONS
Go to Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education
Go to Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education
Go to Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational
Go to Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational
Go to Special Education Teachers
Go to Adult Literacy, Remedial Education and GED Teachers
Go to Teachers and Instructors, All Other
Go to Education, Training and Library Workers, All Other
Go to Farm and Home Management Advisors
LIBRARIAN, CURATOR AND ARCHIVIST OCCUPATIONS
Go to Museum Technicians and Conservators
ART AND DESIGN OCCUPATIONS
Go to Multi-Media Artists and Animators
Go to Commercial and Industrial Designers
Go to Graphic Designers
Go to Designers, All Other
Go to Set and Exhibit Designers
Go to Film and Video Editors
ENTERTAINERS AND PERFORMERS INCLUDING SPORTS OCCUPATIONS
MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS OCCUPATIONS
Go to Reporters and Correspondents
Go to Public Relations Specialists
Go to Editors
Go to Technical Writers
Or Go to Technical Writers#2
Go to Writers and Authors
HEALTH DIAGNOSING AND TREATING PRACTITIONER OCCUPATIONS
Go to Dietitians and Nutritionists OR Go to
Go to Recreational Therapists
Go to Registered Nurses
Go to Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other
HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS
Go to Medical & Clinical Laboratory Technologists
Go to Orthotists & Prosthetists
Go to Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Go to Occupational Health and Safety Technicians
Go to Athletic Trainers
Go to Healthcare Practitioners & Technical Workers, All Other
SALES AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
Go to Insurance Sales Agents
Go to Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents
Go to Sales Engineers
back to links back to Part 1 back to Part 2 top
Every year college students choose a major while a new batch of college graduates starts looking for jobs using their college degree skills. Picking a field of study depends partly on preference, but study in college will go better, and be easier, for those who pick something they like. That said it is a good idea to keep an eye on the main chance and to know about jobs that use college degree skills.
The purpose of this post is to help college students and college graduates make better college and career choices. There is nothing here to help with dress for success or kill'em dead with an interview. The modus operandi is to condense and make use of the gigabytes of college degree and enrollment data to match and analyze with still more gigabytes of industry and occupational employment data, all published by the federal government. Those who major in computer programming can learn about openings for computer programmers and so on.
Directions
This is a large post that needs a set of directions to help you go where you want to go. Allow me to suggest looking at background material first. Click on Returns to Education and feel better about your college investment. Click on Degrees to review summary data for America's college degrees. Click on Education and America's labor force to learn about America's supply of labor skills. Click on Skills taxonomy to learn the way the Bureau of Statistics classifies job skills and especially jobs needing college degree skills. Click on Openings and Replacements to learn Bureau of Labor Statistics essential terminology for its labor market reports and projections. To go directly to forecasted openings by occupations click on College Jobs Forecast by BA Degree Program
Post Links
Returns to Education
Degrees
Education and America's Labor Force
Skills Taxonomy
Openings and Replacements
College Jobs Forecast by BA Degree Program
Degrees
In 1900 the decennial census counted that year's college graduates; 27,410 received baccalaureate degrees earned at degree granting colleges. After reaching 186,500 in 1940, those receiving Baccalaureate degrees climbed to 432,048 in 1950 when WWII veterans began taking advantage of the GI Bill of Rights and entered college in large numbers. Earned degrees declined some later in the 1950's; but surpassed all earlier numbers by 1964. Earned Baccalaureate degrees jumped to 792,316 in June of 1970; 900 thousand in 1973; 1 million in 1989. By June 2000, 1,237,875 earned Baccalaureate degrees from accredited degree granting colleges and universities with continued growth to 1,485,242 BA degrees by June 2006. The total for all degrees - associate, baccalaureate, masters, doctorate, first-time professional - the total equals 2,936,095 for the year ending June 2006. For a more detailed summary of America's college degrees click on College Degree Round Up
back to links top
Education and America's Labor Force
Smart Societies educate their children. It is the best way to assure smart adults. The United States had a few lax years at the turn of the last century when it employed child labor cheaply and profitably in sweatshops. In the transformation from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy it was common to use children in the garment and textile trades, among others. Children were apparently better adapted to the industry's dull, boring and repetitive tasks than adults. Their presence in the workforce increased the supply of labor in markets where families were already moving from farms to cities looking for work. Children entering labor markets depressed already depressed wages in the process of displacing part of the adult workforce. Luckily, it was a short period. Enough people got hold of themselves to stir the political system to restrict child labor. It was humanitarian, but also utilitarian: a nation with a generation of uneducated souls will have declining productivity and production in its future.
In the years following WWII attitudes about education turned post secondary education into mass education. Since the academic year ending June 1964, NCES reports 41,587,264 BA degrees conferred by U.S. universities through June 2005. For those entering the labor force after college in 1964 at age 22, 43 years of work brings them to 2007 and age 65. Even though labor force participation drops off rapidly for those over age 55, any of those earning BA degrees after June of 1964 could be in the labor force and using their college degree skills. Since those with MA degrees, PhD's or professional degrees generally have BA degrees before they begin graduate study, the BA degree gives an estimate of those working, or able to work, who also have college degree skills.
So much post secondary education suggests a high level of educational attainment with the assurance of skilled and highly competent people entering the workforce. The Bureau of the Census and Bureau of Labor Statistics started producing and reporting data on the employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment beginning in 1992. The data is published as part of its employment situation report among other reports. Four categories are reported: 1) less than a high school diploma, 2) High school graduates but no college, 3) less than a bachelor's degree and 4) bachelor's degree and higher. The third category, less than a bachelor's degree, includes those with an associate's degree as well as those with some college credits. The fourth category, bachelor's degree and higher, also includes those with a masters, doctorate, or professional degree in addition to those with a bachelor's degree.
In December 2007, BLS reported 44.6 million in the civilian labor force 25 years and over with a BA degree or higher, which is 33.8 percent all those in the civilian labor force over 25. Careers in education, computer-information technology and social services are examples of careers requiring college training. Even though substantial growth in available employment is expected in these and other college skill occupations, people with the necessary skills need to be available to fill them. Current data suggests enough educated people to fill present and future employment requirements.
Table 3 shows the 1992 and 2007 count and percentage of the civilian labor force over 25 years of age by educational attainment as reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Those with a BA or higher showed an increase of almost 16 million. Their share of the labor force increased from 26.4 percent to 33.7 percent during this decade. For those with some college, or an associates degree, the increase was 8.8 million and share increased from 25.4 percent to 27.4 percent. For the HS graduate with no college the count increases slightly, but share decreases. For those who did not finish High school both the count and the share decline. Available data for educational attainment indicates a clear pattern with rising educational attainment for years from 1992 to 2007.
Table 3 - Educational Attainment of the Civilian Labor Force 25+ Years
back to links top
Skills Taxonomy
With all of these skilled citizens it is useful to ask what jobs are they doing with their many skills. The Bureau of Labor Statistics helps out with this question by collecting and maintaining employment data by occupation. The data are classified under a recently updated system called the Standard Occupational Classifications or SOC for short.
Since data in the Standard Occupational Classifications is produced through establishments that have discretion in hiring and deciding the skills they want for their employees, BLS has developed a skills taxonomy with education and training categories that reflects the qualifications and experience needed for jobs reported within their Standard Occupational Classification. The eleven skills categories and counts and percentages for 2006 are given in the table below. For detailed definitions and discussion of the BLS skills taxonomy click on Skills Taxonomy
back to links top
Openings and Replacements
In many occupations jobs continue to grow: mental health counselors, bartenders, loan counselors, bailiffs, cooks and many others among them. For college seniors finishing a degree in civil engineering, it is no doubt reassuring to learn jobs as civil engineers are up. Job growth in an occupation is one way to weigh job prospects for upcoming graduates. It is not the only way because the Bureau of Labor Statistics defines and reports openings by occupation. Openings are the expected number of unfilled jobs to be filled in a future year or years. Typically the Bureau of Labor Statistics defines openings over the next year or the next decade such as openings for 2006 or 2006-2016. Notice the key word, which is next, as in next year or years. Next is the key word because openings are a forecast based on recent trends.
Openings have two components developed from recent data: job growth and net replacements. If people leave an occupation they must be replaced before there can be more jobs. If we know there are 5 thousand more bartenders this year than last, but 5 thousand bartenders left bartending then there were 10 thousand openings defined as 5 thousand replacements and 5 thousand of growth.
Job growth is the easiest to count because jobs for an occupation this year subtracted from jobs last year equals growth. Negative numbers mean fewer jobs, or just loss.
Determining replacements is harder but we have to admire the statisticians at the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Bureau of the Census who produce data from surveys. In their household survey they combine personal attributes by pairing age with occupation. With paired data they know the number of jobs and ages of job holders: this many age 21, this many age 22 and so on. They have total employment by occupation with a distribution by age.
Doing the survey in successive years makes it possible to split the change in jobs due to growth from those due to replacement to get openings. Let's try the procedure with bartenders. BLS reports an increase of 5,110 bartenders from May 2005 to May 2006 in its occupational employment survey. However, if we start with 21 year old bartenders in 2005 and then find there are 1,000 more bartenders age 22 in 2006 we know that 1,000 equals the net increase of bartenders who started bartending between their 21st and 22nd year. They are part of the growth of 5,110 bartender jobs.
Go on to 22 year olds in 2005 and we might find there are 2,000 more bartenders age 23 in 2006 than there were bartenders age 22 in 2005. They too are part of the net increase of bartenders. If we keep working our way up the age scale it is likely we will find more than 5,110 new bartenders taking bartending jobs for ages in their twenties. However, keep working through the distribution of data for ages in the thirties, forties and fifties and, for example, subtract bartending jobs for 54 year olds in 2005 from bartending jobs for 55 year olds in 2006, eventually the difference will be negative. Positive numbers are entrants but negative numbers mean net separations: people leaving an occupation. Negative numbers also tell the age ranges when people leave an occupation such as bartending. If we combine just the negative numbers they will be the net number of people leaving that would have to be replaced or net replacements. Add job growth to net replacements and the sum equals Openings as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
In practice, the Bureau of Labor Statistics computes a replacement rate for all the job data reported within its occupational classifications. The replacement rate is a percentage computed by dividing the earlier employment total into the net replacement total. With bartenders the net replacement rates is 3.64 percent a year over the 10 years from 2006-2016. In their forecast they predict a growth of 5,600 a year of growth in bartending jobs. They are also predicting the 3.64 percent per year of 2006 bartenders will be needed as net replacements, which is .0364 x 495000 = 18,018. Combine the two numbers to get total openings of 23,618 a year. Over the 2006-2016 decade openings are forecast to equal 236,180. Openings! Now you know.
back to links top
College Degrees and College Jobs
This section has two sets of links. Part I directly below matches BA Degree Graduates by degree program to Bureau of Labor Statistics job openings in occupations that require BA degree level skills. Part II is a cross reference to the occupational groups and occupations that need BA degree skills that are matched to BA degree programs in Part I.
BA degree programs and data are defined and reported from the National Center for Education Statistics, Classification of Institutional Programs(CIP). Occupations are from the Standard Occupational Classification(SOC) where 114 of the 753 SOC occupations are designated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as jobs that need entry level skills for a BA degree graduate. Skill levels are measured with the Bureau of Labor Statistics Skills Taxonomy. Job openings are defined from the Openings and Replacements link.
Part I. Matching BA Degree Program Graduates to Jobs and Job Openings by Occupation
College graduates can find some job doing something, but we expect that graduates with a degree in chemistry would like to work in chemistry and so on. College graduates will be eligible for jobs using high school skills or general work force skills, or they may go on and become eligible for jobs that need a graduate or professional degree, but there is less to say about these jobs because we are assessing entry level jobs that use college degree skills by comparing their numbers and skills to the number and skills of BA degree graduates. Degrees, jobs and openings are the latest full year of data available.
There are 1,485,242 BA degree graduates for the year ending June 2006. The links below have 36 summary college degree programs matched to job openings for 2007 in 114 occupations that have 703,668 openings in jobs and occupations using BA degree skills. Despite many more degrees than job openings needing BA degree skills I was only able to match 555,814 of the BA degree openings to relevant BA degrees, leaving 147,861 job openings unassigned despite the surplus of degrees. Occupatons with more job openings than BA degrees were primarily in computing, selected engineering specialities, nursing, and education. Among business degrees accounting and auditing has a few more jobs than accounting BA degrees; likewise for social work specialties.
The links below compare BA degree data to relevant occupations in order to assess individual chances for getting a job using their college degree skills. We assess these prospects by looking at the balance, or imbalance, between BA degrees and job openings in jobs using BA degree skills. Entry level job markets are in surplus, balance or shortage depending on the ratio of degrees to openings, or Degrees/Openings.
A degree to openings ratio that falls below 1 implies a market with shortage with rapid entry into career employment. A degree/openings ratio approximately 1 implies a market in balance with rapid entry, or some job search, but moderate delays into career employment. A degree/openings ratio that climbs above 1 implies surplus with extended delay or the need to take employment unrelated to the BA degree skills from a college major. Discussion will include a summary rating of (1) Shortage, (2) Balance, and (3) Surplus.
BA Degree Program Links
01-Agriculture, Agriculture Operations, & Related Sciences Market Assessment
03-Natural Resources and Conservation Sciences Market Assessment
04-Architecture Market Assessment
05-Area Ethnic Cultural and Gender Studies Market Assessment
09-Communications Journalism and Related Programs Market Assessment
10-Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services Market Assessment
11-Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services Market Assessment
12-Personal and Culinary Services Market Assessment
13-Education Market Assessment
14-Engineering Market Assessment
15-Engineering Technologies/Technicians Market Assessment
16-Foreign Languages, Literature, and Linguistics Market Assessment
19-Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, General Market Assessment
22-Legal Professions and Studies Market Assessment
23-English Language and Literature/Letters Market Assessment
24-Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies, and Humanities Market Assessment
25-Library Science Market Assessment
26-Biological and Biomedical Sciences Market Assessment
27-Mathematics and Statistics Market Assessment
29-Military Technologies Market Assessment
30-Multidiscipinary Science Market Assessment
31-Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies Market Assessment
38-Philosophy and Religious Studies Market Assessment
39-Theology and Religious Vocations Market Assessment
40, 41-Physical Science and Science Technologies/Technicians Market Assessment
42-Pyschology Market Assessment
43-Security and Protective Services Market Assessment
44-Public Administration and Social Service Professions Market Assessment
45-Social Sciences and History Market Assessment
46-Construction Trades Market Assessment
47-Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians Market Assessment
48-Precision Production Market Assessment
49-Transportation Market Assessment
50-Visual and Performing Arts Market Assessment
51-Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences Market Assessment
52-Business Market Assessment
BA Degree Programs
01-AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURE OPERATIONS, & RELATED SCIENCES DEGREES
All agriculture programs had 14,287 BA degrees in 14 degree programs, which are .96% of all BA degree graduates. Agriculture, Agriculture Operations, and Related Sciences BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 11 degrees.
The match and summary of 6,487 BA degree graduates in 4 of the 14 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 772 openings using BA degree skills in 3 Life Science occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Agriculture, Agriculture Operations, and Related Sciences outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 18 to 1, or 14,287 to 772. For new BA degrees in the 4 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is 8.3 to 1, or 6,487 to 772. Biology degrees in Botany/plant biology, zoology and ecology add to entry BA degree totals to raise BA degrees to openings to 14 to 1, or 10,951 to 772. Markets are in SURPLUS. Expect delays finding jobs using these degree skills.
LIFE SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS
--Animal Scientist with an average for 2007 of 4,210 jobs and 136 annual openings. Animal Scientists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 667 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $48.4 thousand.
--Food Scientist and Technologists with an average for 2007 of 9,910 jobs and 289 annual openings. Food Scientists and Technologists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 675 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $57.9 thousand.
--Soil and Plant Scientist with an average for 2007 of 10,270 jobs and 347 annual openings. Soil and plant Scientist have been increasing at an annual average increase of 145 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $58 thousand.
These jobs are primarily in research at universities or the government, although food scientist and technologists are important jobs in the food processing industry.
DEGREES
1. Animal Science (01.09) Degrees
136 of 3,907 BA degrees in Animal Science (01.09) could fill 100% of the 136 forecasted job openings in 1 life science occupation, Animal Scientist.
2. Food Science and Technology (01.10) Degrees
289 of 756 BA degrees in Food Science and Technology (01.10) could fill 100% of the 289 job openings in 1 Life Science Occupation, Food Scientists and Technologist.
3. Plant Sciences (01.11) Degrees
217 of 1,694 BA degrees in Plant Sciences (01.11) could fill 63% of the 347 job openings in 1 life science occupation, Soil and plant Scientist. See Soil Science(01.12) below
4. Soil Sciences (01.12) Degrees
All 130 BA degrees in Soil Sciences (01.12) could fill the remaining 37% of the 347 job openings in 1 life science occupation, Soil and plant Scientist. See Plant Science(01.11) above
Back to 01-Agriculture Back to degrees
03-NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION
Natural Resources and Conservation programs had 8,762 BA degrees in 6 degree programs, which are .59% of all BA degree graduates. Natural Resources and Conservation BA degrees show a 5 year average decrease of 91 degrees.
The match and summary of 6,832 BA degree graduates in 2 of the 6 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 1,035 openings using BA degree skills in 2 Life Science occupations are below.
New BA Degrees in ALL natural resources and conservation programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a ratio of more than 8 to 1, or 8,762 to 1,035. For new BA degrees in the 2 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is 6.6 to 1, or 6,832 to 1,035. The degrees are not easily applied to other fields or jobs. Markets are in SURPLUS. Expect delays finding jobs using these degree skills.
LIFE SCIENCE OCCUPATONS
--Conservation Scientist with an annual average for 2007 of 16,570 jobs and 623 openings. Conservation scientists have been increasing by an annual average of 513 jobs from 2000 to 2007. Median wages for 2007 are $56.2 thousand.
--Forester with an annual average for 2007 of 10,510 jobs and 412 openings. Forestry jobs have increased at an annual average of 90 from 2000 to 2007. Median wages for 2007 are $52.4 thousand.
Nearly 75 percent of conservation scientists and over 50 percent of foresters work in government jobs. A little over 10 percent of foresters work in manufacturing. There is very little opportunity for self employment.
DEGREES
5. Natural Resources Conservation and Research (03.01) Degrees
623 of 5,725 BA degrees in Natural Resources Conservation and Research (03.01) could fill 100% of the 623 forecasted job openings in 1 life science occupation, Conservation Scientist.
6. Forestry (03.05) Degrees
412 of 1,107 BA degrees in Forestry (03.05) could fill 100% of the 412 forecasted job openings in 1 Life Science occupation, Forester.
Back to 03-Natural Resources Back to degrees
04-ARCHITECTURE
Architecture programs had 9,515 BA degrees in 4 degree programs, which are .64 percent of all BA degrees. Architecture and Related Programs BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 207 degrees.
The match and summary of 6,744 BA degree graduates in 2 of the 4 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 4,067 openings using BA degree skills in 2 Architecture, Surveyor, Cartographers Occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL BA programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a ratio more than 2 to 1, or 9,515 to 4,067. For new BA degrees in the 2 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is 1.7 to 1, or 6,744 to 4,067.
Architecture is also a specialty where those with BA degree skills must expect to compete with new MA degree graduates. There were 5,743 MA degree graduates making the effective ratio of MA and BA degrees nearly 3.8 to 1, 15,258 to 4,067. Markets with twice as many degrees as openings have a big enough SURPLUS to expect some delays finding jobs for new degree holders.
ARCHITECTURE OCCUPATIONS
--Architect, Except Landscape Architect have an average for 2007 of 106,830 jobs and 3,385 job openings. Architect's jobs have increased by an annual average of 4,634 between 2000 and 2007. Median wages in 2007 for architects are $67 thousand.
--Landscape Architect have an average for 2007 of 21,890 jobs and 682 job openings. Landscape Architects jobs have increased by an annual average of 680 between 2000 and 2007. Median wages in 2007 for landscape architects $57 thousand.
DEGREES
7. Architecture (04.02) Degrees
3,385 of 5,492 BA degrees in Architecture (04.02) could fill 100% of the 3,385 forecasted job openings in 1 occupation in Architecture, Architect.
8. Landscape Architecture (04.06) Degrees
682 of 1,061 BA degrees in Landscape Architecture (04.06) could fill 100% of the 682 forecasted job openings in 1 occupation in Architecture, Landscape Architect.
Back to 04-Architecture Back to degrees
05-AREA ETHNIC CULTURAL AND GENDER STUDIES
Area Ethnic Cultural and Gender Studies programs had 7,879 BA degrees in 33 different area studies and other ethnic, cultural and gender programs, which are .53 percent of all BA degrees. Area Ethnic Cultural and Gender Studies BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 312 degrees.
BA degrees in Area Ethnic Cultural and Gender Studies are preparation for specialized research or advocacy for non-profit organizations or government, possible teaching or graduate work.
There are few entry level job opportunities that apply BA degree skills for Area Ethnic Cultural and Gender Studies. Expect indefinite delays finding jobs using these degree skills.
Back to 05-Area Ethnic Back to degrees
09-COMMUNICATIONS JOURNALISM AND RELATED PROGRAMS
Communications, Journalism and Related Programs had 73,955 BA degrees in 6 degree programs, which are 4.98% of all BA degrees. Communications Journalism and Related BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 3,188 degrees.
The match and summary of 64,352 BA degree graduates in 3 of the 6 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 13,340 openings using BA degree skills in 4 Media and Communication occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Communications and Journalism programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 5.5 to 1, or 73,955 to 13,340. For new BA degrees in the 3 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is 4.8 to 1, or 64,352 to 13,340. There are 52,180 English language and literature BA degrees not assigned to openings in other occupations that raise the ratio 9.5 to 1, or 126,135 to 13,340. Markets are in SURPLUS. Expect slow entry and long delays finding jobs using these degree skills.
MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS OCCUPATIONS
--Reporters and Correspondents have an average for 2007 of 51,620 jobs and 1,254 job openings. Reporters and Correspondents jobs have not been increasing. Median wages in 2007 are $34.6 thousand.
-- Public Relations Specialists have an average for 2007 of 225,880 jobs and 7,302 job openings. Public Relations specialists have increased at an annual average of 13,391 from 2000-2007. Median wages in 2007 for public relations specialists $49.8 thousand.
-- Editors have an average for 2007 of 105,920 jobs and 2,619 job openings. Editor’s jobs have increased at an annual average of 244 jobs from 2000 to 2007. Median wages in 2007 for editors are $48 thousand.
-- Technical Writers have an average for 2007 of 46,740 jobs 2,165 job openings. Technical writing jobs have not increased from 2000 to 2007. Median wages are $60.4 thousand.
Jobs as reporters and correspondents work almost exclusively in radio and TV with nearly 60 percent of editors working in newspapers and publishing. The media and communications industries have public relations specialists and editors sprinkled around many industries, but especially in professional advertising and broadcasting.
DEGREES
9. Communications and Media Studies (09.01) Degrees
1,254 of 40,719 BA degrees in Communications and Media Studies could fill 100% of the 1,254 forecasted job openings in 1 occupation in Media and Communications occupations, Reporters and Correspondents.
10. Journalism (09.04) Degrees
4,330 of 13,955 BA degrees in Journalism were assigned to job openings in 2 occupations in Media and Communications occupations.
First, 2,619 Journalism (09.04) BA degrees could fill 100% of the 2,619 forecasted openings as Editors.
Second, 1,711 Journalism (09.04) BA degrees could fill 79% of the 2,165 forecasted openings as Technical Writers. See also 54. Technical and Business Writing (23.11)
11. Pubic Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication (09.09) Degrees
7,302 of 9,678 BA degrees in Pubic Relations, Advertising, and Applied Communication could fill 100% of the 7,302 forecasted job openings in 1 Media and Communications occupation, Public Relations Specialists.
Back to 09-Communications Back to degrees
10-COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES / TECHNICIANS & SUPPORT SERVICES
Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services had 2,981 BA degrees in 4 degree programs, which are .2% of all BA degrees. BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 386 degrees.
BA degrees in Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services are preparation for media and communications occupations as equipment operators and support technicians that may benefit from, but do not require BA degree skills.
Even though BA degree skills are not necessary there are job openings that apply BA degree skills for Communications Technologies/Technicians and Support Services. These are Audio and Video Equipment Technicians, Broadcast Technicians, Radio Operators, Sound Engineering Technicians, Camera Operators, Video and Film Editors. There are many more openings than BA degrees, but many others qualify without having a BA degree. A BA degree maybe an advantage, but it is only one measure of entry skills.
Back to 10-Communications Back to degrees
11-COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES AND SUPPORT SERVICES COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES/TECHNICIANS AND SUPPORT SERVICES
Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services had 47,480 BA degrees in 10 degree programs, which are 3.2% of all BA degrees. Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 1,105 degrees.
The match and summary of 47,480 BA degree graduates in 10 of the 10 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 97,258 openings using BA degree skills in 8 Computer Specialist occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL BA computing programs are less than job openings using BA degree skills with a degrees/openings ratio of .49 to 1, or 47,480 to 97,258.
Other BA degrees with computer training include 5,610 BA degrees in Computer Engineering(14.09), 10,605 Management Information and Services(52.12) BA degrees as part of business programs and 202 BA degrees in Mathematics and Computer Science(30.08) from multi-disciplinary programs. Including these BA degrees raises the ratio to .6 to 1, or 63,897 to 97,258. Markets have a SHORTAGE of new degree holders compared with openings. Expect rapid entry and little delay finding a job for new degree holders.
COMPUTING OCCUPATIONS
-- Computer Software Engineers-Applications have an average for 2007 of 495,810 jobs and 26,538 job openings. Computer Software Engineers, Applications have been increasing by an average annual increase of 17,310 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $83.1 thousand.
-- Computer Programmers have an average for 2007 of 394,710 jobs and 7,362 job openings. Computer Programmers decreased between 2000 and 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $68 thousand.
-- Database Administrators have an average for 2007 of 116,340 jobs and 4,406 job openings. Database Administrators have been increasing by an average annual increase of 1,191 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $67.3 thousand.
-- Computer Software Engineers-Systems Software have an average for 2007 of 349,140 jobs and 12,596 job openings. Computer Systems Software Engineers, Systems Software have been increasing by an average annual increase of 12,076 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $89.0 thousand.
-- Computer Systems Analysts have an average for 2007 of 464,440 jobs and 19,090 job openings. Computer Systems Analysts have been increasing by an average annual increase of 193 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $73.0 thousand.
-- Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts have an average for 2007 of 216,050 jobs and 16,115 job openings. Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts have been increasing by an average annual increase of 13,833 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $68.2 thousand.
-- Network and Computer Systems Administrators have an average for 2007 of 309,660 jobs and 11,152 job openings. Network and Computer Systems Administrators have been increasing by an average annual increase of 13,833 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $64.7 thousand.
Computing jobs are in nearly every industry but work in the Computer Systems and Design industry employs a little over 20 percent of computer professionals. Government and education are also significant employers. Few are self employed in computing as primary jobs.
DEGREES
12. Computer & Information Sciences Gen (11.01) Degrees
All 21,718 BA degrees in Computer & Information Sciences Gen (11.01) could fill 82% of 26,538 forecasted openings in one computing occupation, Computer Software Engineers, Applications. See also 17. Computer Science (11.07) and 18. Computer Software & Media Applications(11.08)
13. Computer Programming (11.02) Degrees
All 816 BA degrees in Computer Programming (11.02) could fill 11% of 7,362 forecasted openings in 1 computing occupation, Computer Programming.
14. Data Processing (11.03) Degrees
All 212 BA degrees in Data processing (11.03) could fill 5% of 4,406 forecasted openings in 1 computing occupation, Database Administrators.
15. Information System Studies (11.04) Degrees
All 6,221 BA degrees in Information System Studies (11.04) could fill 49% of 12,596 forecasted openings for one computing occupation, Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software. See also 17. Computer Science (11.07) and 35. Computer Engineering General (14.09)
16. Computer Systems Analysis (11.05) Degrees
All 1,525 BA degrees in Computer Systems Analysis (11.05) could fill 8% of 19,090 forecasted openings for one computing occupation, Computer Systems Analysts. See also 21. Computer & Information Sciences and Support Services, Other(11.99) and See also 88. Management Information Systems and Services(52.12)
17. Computer Science (11.07) Degrees
All 9,882 BA degrees in Computer Science (11.07) could fill openings in two computing occupations.
First, 3,625 of the Computer Science (11.07) BA degrees could fill an additional 14% of the 26,538 forecasted openings as Computer Software Engineers, Applications. See also 12. Computer & Information Sciences Gen (11.01)
Second, 6,257 of the Computer Science (11.07) BA degrees could fill an additional 50% of the 12,596 forecasted openings as Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software. 15. Information System Studies (11.04)
18. Computer Software & Media Applications (11.08) Degrees
All 1,195 BA degrees in Computer Software & Media Applications (11.08) could fill the remaining 4% of the 26,538 forecasted openings for 1 of computing occupation, Computer Software Engineers, Applications. See also 12. Computer & Information Sciences Gen (11.01)
19. Computer Systems Networking & Telecommunications (11.09) Degrees
All 3,488 BA degrees in Computer Systems Networking & Telecommunications (11.09) could fill 22% of the 16,115 forecasted openings in one computing occupation, Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts. See also 35. Computer Engineering General (14.09)
20. Computer/Information Tech Adm and Mgmt (11.10) Degrees
All 1,321 BA degrees in Computer/Information Tech Adm and Mgmt (11.10) could fill an additional 12% of 11,152 forecasted openings in one computing occupation, Network and Computer Systems Administrators.
21. Computer & Information Sciences and Support Services, Other (11.99) Degrees
All 1,102 BA degrees in Computer & Information Sciences and Support Services, Other (11.99) could fill an additional 6% of the 19,090 forecasted openings in 1 computing occupation, Computer Systems Analyst. 16. Computer Systems Analysis (11.05)
Back to 11-Computing Back to degrees
12-PERSONAL AND CULINARY SERVICES
Personal and Culinary Services had 651 BA degrees in degree programs, which are .04% of all BA degrees. Personal and Culinary Services BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 43 degrees.
BA degrees in Personal and Culinary Services are preparation for food services occupations as chefs and head cooks. These jobs need specialized skills but there are over 17 thousand associates degrees reported in culinary programs and more than 5 thousand one year certificates.
There are job openings for chefs and head cooks that apply BA degree skills for Personal and Culinary Services, but BA skills are not required for these jobs.
Back to 12-Personal Services Back to degrees
13-EDUCATION
Education had 107,238 BA degrees in 15 degree programs, which are 7.22% of all BA degrees. Education BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 334 degrees.
The match and summary of 107,022 BA degree graduates in 7 of the 15 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 142,723 openings using BA degree skills in 8 Education occupations are below.
Education degree programs have more MA degrees than BA degrees: 174,620 Master's degrees compared to 107,238 BA degrees for 2007 ending June 2006. This makes education a profession where many of those receiving master's degrees will move from classroom teaching into administrative posts and other educational specialties rather than teaching, even though some master's graduates enter teaching with an education master's degree as a second degree. These tendencies suggest BA degree totals are the more relevant totals to evaluate entry into teaching.
New BA degrees in ALL BA degree education programs are less than job openings needing BA degree skills with a degrees/openings ratio of .76 to 1, or 107,238 to 142,723. For new BA degrees in 7 of the 15 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is .75 to 1, or 107,022 to 142,723. The market for new teachers appears to be in BALANCE. Even though the ratio of degrees to openings is less than one the number of master's degree holders and arts and science graduates with teacher certification prevents shortages.
EDUCATION AND TRAINING OCCUPATIONS
-- Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education have an average for 2007 of 170,880 jobs and 4,459 job openings. Kindergarten teachers have been increasing at an average annual increase of 2,193 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for Kindergarten teachers are $45,120.
-- Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education have an average for 2007 of 1,538,030 jobs and 50,491 job openings. Elementary School Teachers have been increasing at an average increase of 18,413 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for elementary teachers are $47,330.
-- Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education have an average for 2007 of 652,560 jobs and 20,202 job openings. Middle School Teachers have been increasing at an average increase of 13,051 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for middle school teachers are $47,900.
-- Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education have an average for 2007 of 1,058,870 jobs and 33,275 job openings. Secondary teachers have been increasing at an average annual increase of 17,867 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 for Secondary teachers are $49.4 thousand.
-- Special Education Teachers have an average for 2007 of 461,420 jobs and 16,715 job openings. Special Education Teachers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 6,843 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for special education teachers range between $48.3 thousand and $49.6 thousand.
-- Adult Literacy, Remedial Education and GED Teachers have an average for 2007 of 72,240 jobs and 1,893 job openings. Median salaries in 2007 for Adult Literacy, Remedial Education and GED Teachers are $44.7 thousand.
-- Teachers and Instructors, All Other have an average for 2007 of 555,460 jobs and 12,901 job openings. Teachers and Instructors, All Other have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,193 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $30.0 thousand.
-- Education, Training and Library Workers, All Other have an average for 2007 of 98,790 jobs and 2,337 job openings. Education, Training, and Library workers, All Other have been increasing at an annual average increase of 8,410 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $33.0 thousand.
BA degrees in Education are preparation for classroom and special education teaching using BA degree skills in public and private schools. A BA degree in education or BA degrees with teacher certification are not entry degrees for jobs in educational administration, curriculum and instructional development, or counseling. These jobs are filled by those with master's degrees in relevant education specialties.
DEGREES
22. Education, General (13.01) Degrees
All 2,401 BA degrees in 13.01 Education, General could fill 19% of 12,901 forecasted openings in 1 education occupation, Teachers and Instructors, All Other. See also 27. Teaching English or French as a Second Language(13.14) and 28. Education Other (13.99)
23. Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education (13.02) Degrees
All 152 BA degrees in Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education (13.02) could fill 7% of the 2,337 forecasted openings in 1 Education Occupation, Education, Training, and Library workers, All Other.
24. Special Education and Teaching (13.10) Degrees
All 7,977 BA degrees in Special Education and Teaching (13.10) could fill 48% of 16,715 forecasted openings in 3 education occupations in special education occupations. These are Special Education Teachers for Elementary, Middle, and Secondary Schools.
25. Teacher Education and Development, Specific Levels and methods (13.12) Degrees
All 63,142 BA degrees in Teacher Education and Development, Specific Levels and Methods (13.12) could fill 81% of the 77,495 forecasted openings in 4 education occupations. These are Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle School Teachers, except Special Education and Adult Literacy, Remedial Education and GED Teachers.
26. Teacher Education & Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas (13.13) Degrees
All 31,117 BA degrees in Teacher Education and Professional Development, Specific Subject Areas (13.13) could fill 94% of 33,325 forecasted openings in 1 education occupation, Secondary Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education.
27. Teaching English or French as a Second Language (13.14) Degrees
All 135 BA degrees in Teaching English or French as a Second Language (13.14) could fill an additional 1% of 12,901 forecasted openings in one education occupation, Teachers and Instructors, All Other. See also 22. Education, General (13.01) and 28. Education Other (13.99) below.
28. Education Other (13.99) Degrees All 2,098 BA degrees in Education Other (3.99) could fill an additional 16% of 12,901 forecasted openings in one education occupation, Teachers and Instructors, All Other. See also 22. Education, General (13.01) and 27. Teaching English or French as a Second Language (13.14)
Back to 13-Education Back to degrees
14-ENGINEERING
Engineering had 67,045 BA degrees in 34 degree programs, which are 4.51% of all BA degrees. Engineering BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 1,789 degrees.
The match and summary of 43,122 BA degree graduates in 19 of the 34 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 46,070 openings using BA degree skills in 18 Engineering occupations are below.
BA degrees in ALL BA degree engineering programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of nearly 1.46 to 1, or 67,045 to 46,070. For new BA degrees in the 19 BA engineering programs mentioned above and detailed below the Degrees/Openings ratio is .93 to 1, or 43,122 to 46,070.
There were also 30,989 MA degrees in engineering to add to qualified BA degree applicants. Including MA degrees candidates as entrants raises the degree/openings ratio to 2.13 to 1, or 98,034 to 46,070. Probably the majority of these degree candidates already have an engineering degree or related physical science degree so that they are less likely to be entrants competing with new BA degree candidates.
There were 9 engineering specialties with more job openings than degree specialties: aerospace engineers, civil engineers, environmental engineers, health and safety engineers, mining engineers, nuclear engineers, petroleum engineers, materials science and materials engineers. Combined they had 9,903 more openings than engineering degrees in the relevant programs to fill them.
There were also 23,923 more BA engineering degrees in some special programs, especially in agricultural engineering, biomedical and medical engineering, chemical engineering, electrical and electronics engineering and mechanical engineering. Engineering specialties have both SURPLUS and SHORTAGE.
ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS
-- Aerospace engineer have an average for 2007 of 85,510 jobs and 3,053 job openings. Aerospace engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,994 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $90.9 thousand.
-- Agricultural Engineer have an average for 2007 of 2,480 jobs and 143 job openings. Agricultural Engineers have been increasing with an annual average increase of 44 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $67.7 thousand.
-- Biomedical, Engineer have an average for 2007 of 15,400 jobs and 529 job openings. Biomedical Engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,257 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $75.4 thousand.
-- Chemical Engineer have an average for 2007 of 28,780 jobs and 1,113 job openings. Chemical Engineers have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $65.9 thousand.
-- Civil Engineer have an average for 2007 of 247,370 jobs and 8,116 job openings. Civil Engineering has been increasing at an annual average increase of 5,756 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $55.7 thousand.
-- Computer Hardware Engineer have an average for 2007 of 79,330 jobs and 1,508 job openings. Computer hardware engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,236 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $67.3 thousand.
-- Electrical Engineer have an average for 2007 of 148,800 jobs and 3,664 job openings. Electrical Engineers have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $64.9 thousand.
-- Electronics Engineer have an average for 2007 of 133,870 jobs and 2,940 job openings. Electronics engineers, except computer have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,454 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $64.8 thousand.
-- Environmental Engineer have an average for 2007 of 51,210 jobs and 2,206 job openings. Environmental Engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 420 from 2000 to 2007. Median wages are $72.3 thousand.
--Health and Safety Engineer have an average for 2007 of 24,770 and jobs and 815 job openings. Health and Safety Engineers have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $69.6 thousand.
-- Industrial Engineer have an average for 2007 of 204,210 jobs and 8,631 job openings. Industrial engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 4,629 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $71.4 thousand.
-- Mechanical Engineer have an average for 2007 of 222,330 jobs and 7,026 job openings. Mechanical engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,147 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $72.3 thousand.
-- Materials Engineer have an average for 2007 of 21,910 jobs and 647 job openings. Materials engineers have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $77.2 thousand.
-- Mining-Geological Engineers have an average for 2007 of 7,150 jobs and 284 job openings. Mining and Geological Engineers, including Mining Safety Engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 66 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $74.3 thousand.
-- Marine Engineer and Naval Architects have an average for 2007 of 6,620 jobs and 496 job openings. Marine Engineers and Naval Architects have been increasing at annual average increase of 277 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $76.2 thousand.
-- Nuclear Engineers have an average for 2007 of 14,300 jobs and 558 job openings. Nuclear engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 241 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $94.4 thousand.
-- Petroleum Engineers have an average for 2007 of 16,060 jobs and 574 job openings. Petroleum engineers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 930 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $103.9 thousand.
-- Engineers, All Other have an average for 2007 of 169,950 jobs and 3,767 job openings. Engineers, All Other have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $85.3 thousand.
SALES OCCUPATIONS
-- Sales Engineers have an average for 2007 of 75,940 jobs and 2,853 job openings. Sales engineers have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $80.3 thousand.
The biggest shares of engineers, 37 percent, work for manufacturing firms that have declining employment. There is a general movement into specialized engineering services firms. The government also has 10 to 11 percent of engineering jobs, especially civil engineer.
DEGREES
29. Engineering General (14.01) Degrees
All 2,025 BA degrees in Engineering General 14.01 could fill 54% of 3,767 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, which is Engineers, All Other. See also 47. Engineering, Other(14.99)
30. Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering (14.02) Degrees
All 2,753 BA degrees in Aerospace, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering 14.02 could fill 90% of 3,053 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Aerospace engineer.
31. Agricultural/biological Engineering and Bioengineering (14.03) Degrees
143 of 696 BA degrees in Agricultural/biological Engineering and Bioengineering 14.03 could fill 100% of 143 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Agricultural Engineer.
32. Biomedical/Medical Engineering (14.05) Degrees
529 of 2,933 BA degrees in Biomedical/Medical Engineering (14.05) could fill 100% of 529 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Biomedical Engineers.
33. Chemical Engineering (14.07) Degrees
1,113 of 3,213 BA degrees in Chemical Engineering 14.07 could fill 100% of 1,113 openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Chemical Engineers.
34. Civil Engineering (14.08) Degrees
8,116 of 9,090 BA degrees in Civil Engineering 14.08 could fill 100% of 8,116 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Civil Engineer.
35. Computer Engineering General (14.09) Degrees
All 5,610 BA degrees in Computer Engineering General 14.09 were assigned to 1 engineering occupation and 2 computing occupations.
First, 1,508 of the Computer Engineering General (14.09) BA degrees could fill 100% of openings in one computing occupation, Computer Hardware Engineers.
Second, 118 of the Computer Engineering General (14.09) BA degrees could fill the remaining 1% of 12,596 forecasted openings as Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software. See also 15. Information System Studies (11.04)
Third, the remaining 3,983 Computer Engineering General (14.09) BA degrees could fill an additional 25% of 16,115 forecasted openings as Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts. See also 19. Computer Systems Networking & Telecommunications(11.09)
36. Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering (14.10) Degrees
9,457 of 13,966 Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering(14.10) BA degrees were assigned to 2 Engineering occupations and 1 Sales occupation.
First, 3,664 of the Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering (14.10) BA degrees could fill 100% of 3,664 forecasted openings as Electrical Engineers.
Second, 2,940 of the Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering (14.10) BA degrees could fill 100% of 2,940 forecasted openings as Electronics Engineers, Except Computer.
Third, 2,853 of the Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering (14.10) BA degrees could fill 100% of 2,853 forecasted openings as Sales Engineer.
37. Environmental/environmental health engineering (14.14) Degrees
All 411 BA degrees in Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering (14.14) could fill 19% of 2,206 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Environmental Engineers.
38. Materials engineering (14.18) Degrees All 596 BA degrees in Materials Engineering (14.18) could fill 92% of 647 openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Materials engineers. See also 44. Materials Science(14.31)
39. Mechanical engineering (14.19) Degrees
7,026 of 15,850 BA degrees in Mechanical Engineering (14.19) could fill 44% of 7,026 forecasted openings in one Engineering occupation, Mechanical Engineers.
40. Mining and mineral engineering (14.2101) Degrees
All 117 BA degrees in Mining and Mineral engineering (14.2101) could fill 41% of 284 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Mining and Geological Engineers, including Mining Safety Engineers.
41. Naval architecture and marine engineering (14.22) Degrees
All 318 BA degrees in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering (14.22) could fill 64% of 496 forecasted openings in one Engineering occupation, Marine Engineers and Naval Architects.
42. Nuclear engineering (14.2301) Degrees
All 360 BA degrees in Nuclear engineering 14.2301 could fill 65% of 558 forecsted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Nuclear Engineer.
43. Petroleum Engineers (14.25) Degrees
All 353 BA degrees in Petroleum Engineers 14.25 could fill 61% of 574 forecasted openings in one Engineering occupation, Petroleum engineer.
44. Materials Science (14.31) Degrees
51 of 204 Materials Science (14.31) could fill the remaining 8% of 647 forecasted openings in 1 Engineering occupation, Materials Engineer. See also 38. Materials Engineering(14.18)
45. Industrial Engineering (14.35) BA Degrees
All 3,072 BA degrees in Industrial engineering 14.35 could fill 36% of 8,631 forecasted openings in one Engineering occupation, Industrial Engineer. See also 46. Manufacturing Engineering (14.36) below.
46. Manufacturing Engineering (14.36) Degrees
All 285 BA degrees in Manufacturing Engineering (14.36) could fill an additional 3% of 8,631 openings in one Engineering occupation, which is also Industrial Engineer. See also 45. Industrial engineering 14.35 above
47. Engineering, Other (14.99) Degrees
All 787 BA degrees in Engineering, Other 14.99 could fill an additional 21% of 3,767 openings in one Engineering occupation, which is Engineers, all other. See also 29. Engineering General (14.01)
Back to 14-Engineering Back to degrees
15-ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES/TECHNICIANS
Engineering Technologies/Technicians had 14,178 BA degrees in 17 degree programs, which are .95% of all BA degrees. Engineering Technologies/Technicians BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 75 degrees.
The match and summary of 162 BA degree graduates in 1 of the 17 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 3,514 openings using BA degree skills in 1 Architecture, Surveyor, Cartographer Occupation is below.
New BA degrees are less than job openings using BA degree skills with a Degrees/Openings ratio of .02 to 1, or 162 to 3,514. Those with BA degree training as a surveyor can expect to find employment without much delay.
ARCHITECTURE OCCUPATIONS
-- Surveyors have an average for 2007 of 56,670 jobs and 3,514 job openings. Surveyor jobs have been growing at an annual average of 560 from 2000 through 2007. Median wages in 2007 for surveyors are $51.6 thousand.
A BA degree in Surveying is preparation for a career as a surveyor although other ways are available to learn to be a surveyor. Three out of four Surveyor's jobs are at architecture firms with almost all the rest for construction firms or the government.
DEGREES
48. Engineering-Related Technologies (15.11) Degrees
All 162 BA degrees in Engineering-Related Technologies 15.11 could fill 5% of 3,514 forecasted openings in one Engineering occupation, Surveyor.
Back to 15-Engineering Back to degrees
16-FOREIGN LANGUAGES, LITERATURE, AND LINGUISTICS
Foreign Languages, Literature, and Linguistics had 19,410 BA degrees in 17 degree programs, which are 1.31% of all BA degrees. Foreign Languages, Literature, and Linguistics BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 853 degrees.
BA degrees in Foreign Languages, Literature, and Linguistics are preparation for jobs as interpreters, translators, and teaching, or graduate work for college teaching. Interpreters and translators need long term experience and specialized training but not necessarily a BA degree. Teaching in the public schools is a source of job openings for those with foreign language skills.
Back to 16-Foreign Back to degrees
19-FAMILY AND CONSUMER SCIENCES/HUMAN SCIENCES, GENERAL
Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, General had 20,775 BA degrees in 9 degree programs, which are 1.40% of all BA degrees. Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences, General BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 684 degrees.
The match and summary of 3,904 BA degree graduates in 2 of the 9 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 2,105 openings using BA degree skills in 1 Education, Training and Library occupation and 1 Health Diagnosing and Treatment Occupation are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Family and Consumer Sciences/Human Sciences BA programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a degrees/openings ratio of 9.9 to 1, or 20,775 to 2,105. For new BA degrees in the 2 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is 1.9 to 1, or 3,904 to 2,105. However, other BA degree programs are preparation for both of these jobs so markets tend toward SURPLUS. Expect some delay finding openings for these jobs.
EDUCATION AND TRAINING OCCUPATIONS
-- Farm and Home Management Advisors have an average for 2007 of 12,050 jobs and 271 job openings. Farm and home management advisors have been increasing at an annual average increase of 251 from 2000 to 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $41.8 thousand.
HEALTH DIAGNOSING AND TREATING PRACTITIONER OCCUPATIONS
-- Dietitians and Nutritionists have an average for 2007 of 52,800 jobs and 1,834 job openings. Nutritionists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,396 from 2000 and 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $49 thousand.
Farm and home management advisors have more than 70 percent of jobs at colleges and universities. Local governments employ nearly 15 percent with a few others in management consulting.
DEGREES
49. Family and Consumer Economics and Related Studies (19.04) Degrees
271 of 1,332 BA degrees in Family and Consumer Economics and Related Studies (19.04) could fill 100% of job 271 forecasted openings in 1 Family and Consumer Science/Human Sciences occupation, Farm and Home Management Advisors.
50. Foods, Nutrition, and related Services (19.05) Degrees
143 of 2,572 BA degrees in Foods, Nutrition, and Related Services (19.05) could fill 8% of 1,834 forecasted openings in 1 Family and Consumer Science/Human Sciences occupation, Dietitians and Nutritionists. See also 82. Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Services(51.31)
Back to 19-Family Back to degrees
22-LEGAL PROFESSIONS AND STUDIES
Legal Professions and Studies had 3,302 BA degrees in 4 BA degree programs, which are .22% of all BA degrees. Legal Professions and Studies BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 269 degrees.
The match and summary of 1,763 BA degree graduates in 2 of the 4 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 6,987 openings using BA degree skills in 2 Legal Services occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Legal Professions and Studies are less than job openings using BA degrees skills by a degree/openings ratio of .47 to 1, or 3,302 to 6,987. For new BA degrees in the 2 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below, the degrees/openings ratio is .25 to 1, or 1,763 to 6,987.
Associates(AA) degrees in legal support services are also a common career path for entry into paralegal and legal assistant positions. There are 10,509 AA degrees reported in Legal Professions and Studies. Combining 3,302 BA degrees with AA degrees raises the degree/openings ratio to 1.98 to 1, or 13,811 to 6,987. BA degrees are in SHORTAGE compared to openings. The paralegals job market tends toward SURPLUS with some delays possible, but BA degree holders can expect a preference over AA degree holders.
LEGAL SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS
-- Paralegals and Legal Assistants have an average for 2007 of 241,270 jobs and 6,732 job openings. Paralegals have been increasing at an annual average increase of 8,849 from 2000 through 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $44.0 thousand.
-- Law Clerks have an average for 2007 of 31,160 jobs and 255 job openings. Law clerks have been increasing at an annual average increase of 281 from 2000 through 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $37.5 thousand.
More than 70 percent of paralegals work in legal services with the rest scattered in small amounts in many industries. Law clerks work for law firms or courts.
DEGREES
51. Legal support Services (22.03) Degrees
All 1,338 BA degrees in Legal support Services (22.03) could fill 20% of 6,732 forecasted openings in one occupation in Legal Profession, Paralegals and Legal Assistants.
52. Legal Professions and Studies, Other (22.99) Degrees
255 of 425 BA degrees in Legal Professions and Studies, Other (22.99) could fill 100% of 255 forecasted openings in one Legal Profession, Law clerks.
Back to 22-Legal Back to degrees
23-ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE/LETTERS
English Language and Literature/Letters had 55,096 BA degrees in 8 degree programs, which are 3.71% of all BA degrees. English Language and Literature/Letters BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 735 degrees.
The match and summary of 42,488 BA degree graduates in 2 of the 8 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 4,627 openings using BA degree skills in 2 Media and Communications occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL English Language and Literature/Letters outnumber job openings using BA degrees skills by a Degree/Openings ratio of 11.9 to 1, or 55,096 to 4,627. For new BA degrees in the 2 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below, the degrees/openings ratio is 9.2 to 1, or 42,488 to 4,627. These degrees are in SURPLUS. Expect slow entry and long delays for new BA degree holders.
MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS OCCUPATIONS
-- Technical Writer have an average for 2007 of 46,470 jobs and 2,165 job openings. Technical Writers have been decreasing from 2000 through 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $60.4 thousand.
-- Writers and Authors have an average for 2007 of 44,310 jobs and 2,462 job openings. Writers and Authors have been increasing at an annual average of 414 from 2000 through 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $50.6 thousand.
Nearly two-thirds of writers and authors are self employed with others in publishing and advertising. Over 60 percent of technical writers work in the computer design industry, manufacturing and government jobs.
DEGREES
53. English Language and Literature, General (23.01) Degrees
2,462 of 42,034 BA degrees in English Language and Literature, General (23.01) could fill 100% of 2,462 forecasted openings in one Media and Communication occupation, Writers and Authors.
54. Technical and Business Writing (23.11) Degrees
All 454 BA degrees in Technical and Business Writing 23.11 could fill the remaining 21% of 2,165 openings in one media and Communication occupation, Technical Writer. See also 10. Journalism 09.04
Back to 23-English Back to degrees
24-LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES, GENERAL STUDIES, AND HUMANITIES
Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies, and Humanities had 44,898 BA degrees in 1 degree program, which are 3.02% of all BA degrees. Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies, and Humanities BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 1,387 degrees.
BA degrees in Liberal Arts and Sciences, General Studies, and Humanities are preparation for graduate school, teaching or other work that may or may not need BA degree skills.
Back to 24-Liberal Arts Back to degrees
25-LIBRARY SCIENCE
Library Science had 76 BA degrees in 3 degree programs, which are .01% of all BA degrees. Library Science BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 5 degrees.
BA degrees in Library Science are preparation for jobs that support the work of librarians. These jobs may benefit from, but do not need, BA degree skills. Entry jobs as librarians require a master's degree.
Back to 25-Library Back to degrees
26-BIOLOGICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES
Biological and Biomedical Sciences had 69,178 BA degrees in 13 degree programs, which are 4.66% of all BA degrees. Biological and Biomedical Sciences BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 1,725 degrees.
The match and summary of 53,708 BA degree graduates in 3 of the 13 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 4,381 openings using BA degree skills in 4 Life Science occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Biological and Biomedical programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 15.8 to 1, or 69,178 to 4,381. For new BA degrees in the 3 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is 12.3 to 1, or 53,708 to 4,381. These degrees are in SURPLUS. Expect slow entry and possibly lengthy delays.
LIFE SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS
-- Biological Technicians have an average for 2007 of 69,110 jobs and 2,474 job openings. Biology Technicians have been increasing at an annual average increase of 3,921 from 2000 through 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $37.8 thousand.
-- Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists have an average for 2007 of 17,830 jobs and 781 job openings. Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 874 from 2000 through 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $55.1 thousand.
-- Forensic Science Technician have an average for 2007 of 12,030 jobs and 694 openings. Forensic Science Technicians have been increasing at an annual average increase of 840 from 2000 through 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $47.7 thousand.
-- Life Scientist, All Other have an average for 2007 of 12,470 jobs and 432 job openings. Life Scientists, All Other have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $59.0 thousand.
Nearly 60 percent of jobs as zoologists and wildlife biologists are in government with another 14 percent in research and development. More than 30 percent of Biology Technicians work at universities as part of research with 20 percent in government and others at private research firms. Forensic Science Technicians work almost exclusively in government positions with a few at testing laboratories.
DEGREES
55. Biology, General (26.01) Degrees
2,905 of 50,190 BA degrees in Biology, General 26.01 could fill 100% of openings in two occupations.
First, 432 of the Biology, General 26.01 BA degrees could fill 100% of 432 forecasted openings as Life Scientists, All Other.
Second, 2,474 of the Biology, General 26.01 BA degrees could fill 100% of 2,474 forecasted openings as Biology Technicians.
56. Zoology/Animal Biology (26.07) Degrees
781 of 2,140 BA degrees in Zoology/Animal Biology 26.07 could fill 100% of 781 forecasted openings in 1 Life Science occupation, Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists.
57. Physiology, Pathology and Related Sciences (26.09) Degrees
269 of 1,378 BA degrees in Physiology, Pathology and Related Sciences 26.09 could fill 39% of 694 forecasted openings in one Life Science occupation, Forensic Science Technicians. See also 64. Criminal Justice and Corrections (43.01)
Back to 26-Biological Sciences Back to degrees
27-MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS
Mathematics and Statistics had 14,770 BA degrees in 4 degree programs, which are .99% of all BA degrees. Mathematics and Statistics BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 619 degrees.
The match and summary of 1,183 BA degree graduates in 1 of the 4 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 1,076 openings using BA degree skills in 1 Mathematical Science occupation are below.
New BA degrees in 1 of the 4 Mathematics and Statistics BA degree programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a ratio of degrees to openings of 1.1 to 1, or 1,183 to 1,076. Degrees to openings indicates a market BALANCE within the one applied mathematics specialty, but survey research is an occupation with low employment. Expect delays in finding jobs in survey research.
SOCIAL SCIENCE OCCUPATION
-- Survey Research have an average for 2007 of 22,140 jobs and 1,076 job openings. Survey Researchers have not been growing from 2000 through 2007. Median wages for 2007 are $36.8 thousand.
Nearly half of survey researchers work at specialized research and public opinion firms. A few work in government and some are self employed. BA degrees in Mathematics and Statistics are preparation other jobs in teaching, or graduate work. Jobs actually using mathematics tend to require advanced degrees and specialized experience. These jobs are primarily mathematician, operations research, statistician and actuary.
DEGREES
58. Applied Mathematics (27.03) Degrees
1,076 of 1,183 BA degrees in Applied Mathematics (27.03) could fill 100% of 1,076 forecasted openings using BA degree skills in 1 occupation, Survey Researchers.
Back to 27-mathematics Back to degrees
29-MILITARY TECHNOLOGIES
Military Technologies had 33 BA degrees in 1 degree program, which are .005% of all BA degrees. Military Technologies BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 2 degrees.
BA degrees in Military Technologies are preparation for the military.
Back to 29-Military Back to degrees
30-MULTIDISCIPINARY SCIENCE
Multidisciplinary Science had 32,012 BA degrees in 21 degree programs, which are 2.16% of all BA degrees. Multidisciplinary Science BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 1,203 degrees.
The match and summary of 127 BA degree graduates in 2 of the 21 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 399 openings using BA degree skills in 1 Library, Curators and Archives Occupation are below.
New BA degrees in Museology/Museum Studies and Historic Preservation and Conservation are less than job openings using BA degree skills with a degrees/openings ratio of .32 to 1, or 127 to 399. Even though degrees are in SHORTAGE the market is small and confined to museums. Expect some delay.
LIBRARIAN, CURATOR AND ARCHIVIST OCCUPATIONS
Museum Technicians and Conservators have an average for 2007 of 9,950 jobs and 399 job openings. Museum Technicians and Conservators have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,056 from 2000 through 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $35.3 thousand.
Museum technicians and conservators work in government or in private museums and historical sites. Museum technicians and conservators work under the supervision of museum curators and archivists who typically have graduate degrees.
DEGREES
59. Historic Preservation and Conservation (30.12) Degrees
All 108 BA degrees in Historic Preservation and Conservation 30.12 could fill 27% of 399 forecasted openings in one historic preservation occupation, Museum Technicians and Conservators. See also 60. Museology/Museum Studies (30.14) below.
60. Museology/Museum Studies (30.14) Degrees
All 19 BA degrees in Museology/Museum Studies 30.14 could fill 5% of 399 forecasted openings in one historic preservation occupation, Museum Technicians and Conservators. See also 59. Historic Preservation and Conservation (30.12) above.
Back to 30-Multidisciplinary Science Back to degrees
31-PARKS, RECREATION, LEISURE AND FITNESS STUDIES
Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies had 25,490 BA degrees in 4 degree programs, which are 1.72% of all BA degrees. Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 1,185 degrees.
BA degrees in Parks, Recreation, Leisure and Fitness Studies are preparation for jobs as personal trainers, sports and fitness administrators, recreation workers. These jobs may benefit from, but do not require, a BA degree for entry.
Back to 31-Parks Back to degrees
38-PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES
Philosophy and Religious Studies had 11,985 BA degrees in 3 degree programs, which are .81% of all BA degrees. Philosophy and Religious Studies BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 685 degrees.
BA degrees in Philosophy and Religious Studies are preparation for teaching religious history and philosophy, or graduate study or divinity study.
Back to 38-Philosophy Back to degrees
39-THEOLOGY AND RELIGIOUS VOCATIONS
Theology and Religious Vocations had 8,548 BA degrees in 7 degree programs, which are .58% of all BA degrees. Theology and Religious Vocations BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 316 degrees.
BD degrees in Theology and Religious Vocations are preparation for jobs in teaching, or other religious education. Bachelors of Devinity is preparation for the Masters of Divinity.
Back to 39-Theology Back to degrees
40, 41-PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES/TECHNICIANS
Physical Science and Science Technologies had 20,318 BA degrees in 11 degree programs, which are 1.37% of all BA degrees. Physics BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 468 degrees.
The match and summary of 15,798 BA degree graduates in 3 of the 11 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 5,026 openings using BA degree skills in 4 Physical Science occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Physical Science and Science Technologies outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 4 to 1, or 20,318 to 5,026. For new BA degrees in the 3 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the Degree/Openings ratio is 3.1 to 1, or 15,798 to 5,026. The degrees are in SURPLUS. Expect delays and a long entry search.
PHYSICAL SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS
-- Atmospheric and Space Scientists have an average for 2007 of 8,750 jobs and 481 job openings. Atmospheric and Space Scientists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 209 from 2000 through 2007. Median wages in 2007 for Atmospheric and Space Scientists are $78.4 thousand.
-- Chemists have an average for 2007 of 79,860 jobs and 3,492 job openings. Chemists have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $63.4 thousand.
-- Materials Scientists have an average for 2007 of 9,740 jobs and 401 job openings. Materials Scientists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 154 from 2000 to 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $76.2 thousand.
-- Physical Scientists have an average for 2007 of 23,300 jobs and 652 job openings. Physical Scientists, All Other have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $87.6 thousand.
More than 40 percent of Atmospheric and Space Scientists work in government and most of the rest at research firms, education and a few in TV broadcasting. Chemists and materials scientists work primarily in the pharmaceutical industry, but also other areas in manufacturing, especially chemical manufacturing. Otherwise they work in testing labs, universities and government. Physical scientists work primarily at engineering firms, testing labs and at research firms.
DEGREES
61. Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology (40.04) Degrees
481 of 651 BA degrees in Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology 40.04 could fill 100% of 481 openings in one science occupation, Atmospheric and Space Scientists.
62. Chemistry (40.05) Degrees
3,893 of 10,606 BA degrees in Chemistry (40.05) were assigned to two science occupations.
First, 3,492 of the Chemistry (40.05) BA degrees could fill 100% of 3,492 forecasted openings as Chemists.
Second, 401 of the Chemistry (40.05) BA degrees could fill 100% of 401 forecasted openings as Materials Scientists.
63. Physics (40.08) Degrees
652 of 4,541 BA degrees in Physics 40.08 could fill 100% of 652 forecasted openings in one science occupation, Physical Scientists, All Other.
Back to 41-Physical Science Back to degrees
42-PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology had 88,134 BA degrees in 23 degree programs, which are 5.93% of all BA degrees. Psychology BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 2,920 degrees.
BA degrees in Psychology are preparation for teaching or graduate school in related specialties for clinical, counseling and school psychologists, industrial-organizational psychologists, and social work specialties. Jobs that apply psychology directly in professional work tend to require graduate degrees.
Back to 42-Psychology Back to degrees
43-SECURITY AND PROTECTIVE SERVICES
Security and Protective Services had 35,313 BA degrees in 15 degree programs, which are 2.37% of all BA degrees. Security and Protective Services BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 2,022 degrees.
The match and summary of 32,925 BA degree graduates in 1 of the 15 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 3,222 openings using BA degree skills in 1 Life Science occupation and 1 Social and Community Service occupation are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Security and Protective Services programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 11.0 to 1, or 35,313 to 3,222. New BA degrees in Criminal Justice and Corrections outnumber openings 10.2 to 1, or 32,925 to 3,222. Degrees are in SURPLUS for the occupations that need a BA degree. Expect delays finding openings for these two
LIFE SCIENCE OCCUPATION
-- Forensic Science Technicians have an average for 2007 of 12,030 jobs and 694 job openings. Forensic Science Technicians have been increasing at an annual average increase of 840 from 2000 through 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $47.7 thousand.
SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE OCCUPATION
-- Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists have an average for 2007 of 94,120 jobs and 2,528 job openings. Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,946 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for are $35.6 thousand.
64. Criminal Justice and Corrections (43.01) Degrees
2,953 of 34,750 BA degrees in Criminal Justice and Corrections 43.01 could fill 2 social service occupations
First, 425 Criminal Justice and Corrections (43.01) BA degrees could fill the remaining 61% of 694 forecasted openings as Forensic Science Technicians. See also See also 57. Physiology, Pathology and Related Sciences (26.09)
Second, 2,528 Criminal Justice and Corrections (43.01) BA degrees could fill 100% of 2,528 forecasted openings as Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists.
Back to 43-Security Services Back to degrees
44-PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND SOCIAL SERVICE PROFESSIONS
Public Administration and Social Service Professions had 21,986 BA degrees in 6 degree programs, which are 1.48% of all BA degrees. Public Administration and Social Service Professions BA degrees show a 5 year average annual increase of 508 degrees.
The match and summary of 18,599 BA degree graduates in 4 of the 6 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 21,451 openings using BA degree skills in 4 Community and Social Service occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Public Administration and Social Service Professions programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 1.02 to 1, or 21,986 to 21,451. For new BA degrees in the 4 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the degree/openings ratio is .87 to 1, or 18,599 to 21,451. Degrees are in BALANCE with openings. Expect rapid entry depending on social service funding.
SOCIAL SERVICE OCCUPATIONS
-- Child, Family, and School Social Workers have an average for 2007 of 265,090 jobs and 9,486 job openings. Child, Family, and School Social Workers have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $36.2 thousand.
-- Medical and Public Health Social Workers have an average for 2007 of 120,060 jobs and 4,783 job openings. Medical and Public Health Social Workers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,381 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $44.7 thousand.
-- Social Workers, All Other have an average for 2007 of 64,990 jobs and 2,251 job openings. Social Workers, All Other have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $45.8 thousand.
-- Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other have an average for 2007 of 109,970 jobs and 4,931 job openings. Community and Social Service Specialists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 5,180 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $36.4 thousand.
Government is the primary sponsor for social work with 45 to 50 percent of jobs. Health care providers also sponsor and fund social work and employ social workers. Religious organizations and non-profit organizations sponsor selected social services.
DEGREES
65. Human Services General (44.00) Degrees
All 2,010 BA degrees in Human Services General 44.00 could fill 41% of 4,931 forecasted openings in 1 social service occupation, Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other. See also 66. Community Organization and Advocacy(44.02)and 68. Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other(44.99)
66. Community Organization and Advocacy (44.02) Degrees
All 2,087 BA degrees in Community Organization and Advocacy (44.02) could fill an additional 42% of 4,931 openings in one social service occupation, Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other. See also 65. Human Services General(44.00) and 68. Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other(44.99)
67. Social Work (44.07) Degrees
All 13,547 BA degrees in Social Work 44.07 were assigned to 3 social service occupations.
First, 9,486 Social Work (44.07) BA degrees could fill 100% of 9,486 openings as Child, Family, and School Social Workers.
Second, 3,111 Social Work (44.07) BA Degrees could fill 65% of 4,783 forecasted openings as Medical and Public Health Social Workers. See also 78. Mental and Social Health Services and Allied professions(51.15)
Third, 950 Social Work (44.07) BA degrees could fill 42% of 2,251 forecasted openings as Social Workers, All Other. See also 68. Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other(44.99)
68. Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other (44.99) Degrees
All 955 BA degrees in Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other (44.99) were assigned to 2 social service occupations.
First, 834 of 955 BA degrees in Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other (44.99) could fill the remaining 17% of 4,931 forecasted openings in one social service occupation, Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other. See also 65. Human Services General(44.00) and 66. Community Organization and Advocacy(44.02)
Second, 121 of 955 BA in Public Administration and Social Service Professions, Other (44.99) could fill 5% of 2,251 forecasted openings in one social service occupation, Social Workers, All Other. See also 67. Social Work(44.07)
Back to 44-Public Administration Back to degrees
45-SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HISTORY
Social Sciences and History had 161,485 BA degrees in 13 degree programs, which are 10.87% of all BA degrees. Social Sciences and History BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 6,690 degrees.
The match and summary of 33,717 BA degree graduates in 3 of the 13 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 15,542 openings using BA degree skills in 1 Community and Social Service occupation, 1 Social Science Occupation and 1 Architecture, Surveyors and Cartographers occupation are below.
New BA degrees in ALL social science degree programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 10.4 to 1, or 161,485 to 15,542. New BA degrees in the 3 programs mentioned above and detailed below outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Openings ratio of 2.17 to 1, or 33,717 to 15,542. Degrees are in SURPLUS. Expect delays and a long job search.
SOCIAL SERVICE OCCUPATION
-- Substance Abuse & Behavioral Disorder Counselors have an average for 2007 of 76,830 jobs and 4,497 job openings. Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,964 between 2000 and 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $35.6 thousand.
SOCIAL SCIENCE OCCUPATION
-- Market Research Analyst with an average of 220,740 jobs and 10,372 job openings. Market Research Analyst's have been increasing at an annual average increase of 17,387 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $60.3 thousand.
ARCHTITECTURE OCCUPATION
-- Cartographers and Photogrammetrists with an average of 11,460 jobs and 673 job openings. Cartographers and photogrammetrists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 586 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $50.0 thousand
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors have 75 percent of jobs in health care and most of the rest in government. Market Research Analysts are scattered around many sectors but one in four work in independent professional service firms. Cartographers and Photogrammetrists work in architectural offices, engineering and professional services firms or the government.
DEGREES
69. Criminology (45.04) Degrees
4,497 of 5,626 BA degrees in Criminology 45.04 could fill 100% of 4,497 forecasted openings in 1 Community and Social Service occupation, Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors. These degrees outnumber job openings as Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors using BA degree skills by a degrees/openings ratio of 1.25 to 1, or 5,625 to 4,497.
70. Economics (45.06) Degrees
10,372 of 23,807 BA degrees in Economics 45.06 could fill 100% of 10,372 forecsted openings in one Social Science occupation, Market Research Analyst. These degrees outnumber job openings as Market Research Analysts using BA degree skills by a degrees/openings ratio of 2.29 to 1, or 23,807 to 10,372.
71. Geography and Cartography (45.07) Degrees
673 of 4,284 BA degrees in Geography and Cartography 45.07 could fill 100% of 673 forecasted openings in 1 Architectural occupation, Cartographers and Photogrammetrists. These degrees outnumber job openings as Cartographers and Photogrammatrists using BA degree skills by a degrees/openings ratio of 6.36 to 1, or 4,248 to 673.
Back to 45-Social Sciences Back to degrees
46-CONSTRUCTION TRADES
Construction Trades had 141 BA degrees in 7 degree programs, which are .01% of all BA degrees. Construction Trades BA degrees show a 5 year average decrease of 12 degrees.
BA degrees in Construction Trades are preparation for jobs in the construction occupations as masons, carpenters, electrical workers, plumbing and building management and inspection. These jobs may benefit from, but do not need, BA degree skills.
Back to 46-Construction Back to degrees
47-MECHANIC AND REPAIR TECHNOLOGIES/TECHNICIANS
Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians had 246 BA degrees in 6 degree programs, which are .02% of all BA degrees. Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 37 degrees.
BA degrees in Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians are preparation for jobs in installation maintenance and repair occupations in electrical, electronics, and telecommunications installation and repair, HVAC mechanics, heavy equipment and vehicle maintenance and repair, precision equipment maintenance and repair. These jobs may benefit from, but do not need, BA degree skills.
Back to 47-Mechanic-Repairs Back to degrees
48-PRECISION PRODUCTION
Precision Production had 55 BA degrees in 6 degree programs, which are .005% of all BA degrees. Precision Production BA degrees show a 5 year average decrease of 103 degrees.
BA degrees in Precision Production are preparation for jobs in production occupations in trades such as leatherworking, upholstery, metal working, machinists, tool and die makers, and woodworking. These jobs may benefit from, but do not need, BA degree skills.
Back to 48-Precision Production Back to degrees
49-TRANSPORTATION
Transportation had 5,349 BA degrees in 4 degree programs, which are .36% of all BA degrees. Transportation BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 320 degrees.
BA degrees in Transportation are preparation for jobs in transportation and moving occupations in aerospace technologies, aviation maintenance, ground transportation, marine transportation as pilots, drivers, locomotive engineers, sailors and ship captains, bridge tenders, and moving equipment operators. These jobs may benefit from, but do not need, BA degree skills.
Back to 49-Transportation Back to degrees
50-VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS
Visual and Performing Arts had 83,297 BA degrees in 9 degree programs, which are 2.14% of all BA degrees. Visual and Performing Arts BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 4,430 degrees.
The match and summary of 35,466 BA degree graduates in 3 of the 9 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 9,708 openings using BA degree skills in 6 Art and design Occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Visual and Performing Arts programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 8.6 to 1, or 83,297 to 9,708. New BA degrees in the 3 programs mentioned above and detailed below outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Openings ratio of 3.6 to 1, or 35,466 to 9,708. Degrees are in SURPLUS. Expect long delays for entry openings.
ART AND DESIGN OCCUPATIONS
-- Multi-Media Artists and Animators have an average for 2007 of 29,440 jobs and 2,802 job openings. Multi-media Artists and Animators have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $54.5 thousand.
-- Commercial and Industrial Designers have an average for 2007 of 34,800 jobs and 743 job openings. Commercial and Industrial Designers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 127 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $56.5 thousand.
-- Graphic Designers have an average for 2007 of 201,080 jobs and 4,874 job openings. Graphic Designers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 9,636 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $41.3 thousand.
-- Designers, All Other have an average for 2007 of 11,890 jobs and 380 job openings. Designers, All Other have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries are $43.7 thousand.
-- Set and Exhibit Designers have an average for 2007 of 8,620 jobs and 319 job openings. Set and Exhibit Designers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 21 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries for 2007 are $43.2 thousand.
-- Film and Video Editors have an average for 2007 of 17,410 jobs and 590 job openings. Film and Video Editors have been increasing at an annual average increase of 917 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $47.9 thousand.
Nearly two-thirds of all those working in art and design occupations are self employed, although it varies by occupation: for graphic design 25 percent, for multimedia artists and for animators 70 percent. Others work in specialized design firms and advertising, but graphic designers work across many sectors of the economy including manufacturing.
DEGREES
72. Design and Applied Arts (50.04) Degrees
8,799 of 18,198 BA degrees in Design and Applied Arts (50.04) were assigned to 4 Art and Design occupations. These degrees outnumber job openings in Multi-Media Artists and Animators, Commercial and Industrial Designers, and Graphic Designers using BA degree skills by a degrees/openings ratio of 2.1 to 1, or 18,198 to 8,799.
First, 2,802 of the 18,198 Design and Applied Arts (50.04) BA degrees could fill 100% of 2,802 forecasted openings as Multi-Media Artists and Animators.
Second, 743 of the 18,198 Design and Applied Arts (50.04) BA degrees could fill 100% of openings as Commercial and Industrial Designers.
Third, 4,874 of the 18,198 Design and Applied Arts (50.04) BA degrees could fill 100% of 4,874 forecasted openings as Graphic Designers.
Fourth, 380 of the 18,198 Design and Applied Arts (50.04) BA degrees could fill 100% of 380 forecasted openings as Designers, All Other.
73. Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft (50.05) Degrees
319 of 9,813 BA degrees in Drama/Theatre Arts and Stagecraft 50.05 could fill 100% of 319 forecasted openings in one Art and Design occupation, Set and Exhibit Designers. These degrees outnumber job openings in Set and Exhibit Designers using BA degree skills by a degrees/openings ratio of 30.8 to 1, or 9,813 to 319.
74. Film/Video and Photographic Arts (50.06) Degrees
590 of 7,435 BA degrees in Film/Video and Photographic Arts 50.06 could fill 100% of 590 forecasted openings in one Art and Design occupation, Film and Video Editors. These degrees outnumber job openings as Film and Video Editors using BA degree skills by a degrees/openings ratio of 5.9 to 1, or 7,435 to 590.
Back to 50-Visual and Perform Back to degrees
51-HEALTH PROFESSIONS AND RELATED CLINICAL SCIENCES
Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences programs had 91,973 BA degrees in 34 degree programs, which are 6.19% of all BA degrees. Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences BA degrees show a 5 year average increase of 3,697 degrees.
The match and summary of 68,367 BA degree graduates in 9 of the 34 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 127,494 openings using BA degree skills in 11 Health Diagnosing and Treating occupations and 2 occupations in Community and Social Service occupations are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences programs are less than job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of .72 to 1, or 91,973 to 127,494. New BA degrees in the 9 programs mentioned above and detailed below are less than job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Openings ratio of .54 to 1, or 68,367 to 127,494. Degrees are widely in SHORTAGE. Expect rapid entry and few delays.
HEALTH DIAGNOSING AND TREATING PRACTITIONER OCCUPATIONS
-- Dietitians and Nutritionists have an average for 2007 of 52,800 jobs and 1,834 job openings. Dietitians and Nutritionists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,396 from 2000 and 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $49 thousand.
-- Registered Nurses have an average for 2007 of 2,468,340 jobs and 104,688 job openings. Registered Nurses have been increasing at an annual average increase of 39,810 for 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $60 thousand.
-- Recreational Therapists have an average for 2007 of 14,620 jobs and 636 job openings. Recreational Therapists have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $36.9 thousand.
-- Therapists, All Other have an average for 2007 of 11,580 jobs and 582 job openings. Therapists, All Other have been increasing at an annual average increase of 872 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $50.1 thousand.
-- Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other have an average for 2007 of 44,350 jobs and 1,844 job openings. Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $63.7 thousand.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS
-- Medical & Clinical Laboratory Technologists have an average for 2007 of 163,270 jobs and 6,370 job openings. Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,677 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $51.7 thousand.
-- Orthotists & Prosthetists have an average for 2007 of 5,600 jobs and 146 job openings. Orthotists and Prosthetists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 121 for 2000 to 2007. Median salaries are $60.5 thousand.
-- Occupational Health and Safety Specialists have an average for 2007 of 46,460 jobs and 1,253 job openings. Occupational Health and Safety Specialists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,525 from 2000 to 2007.Median wages are $60.1 thousand.
-- Occupational Health and Safety Technicians have an average for 2007 of 10,260 jobs and 362 job openings. Occupational Health and Safety Technicians have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median wages are $44.0 thousand.
-- Athletic Trainers have an average for 2007 of 14,970 jobs and 750 job openings. Athletic Trainers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 164 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $38.3 thousand.
-- Healthcare Practitioners & Technical Workers, All Other have an average for 2007 of 53,640 jobs and 1,658 job openings.
SOCIAL SERVICE OCCUPATIONS
-- Medical and Public Health Social Workers have an average for 2007 of 120,060 jobs and 4,783 job openings. Medical and Public Health Social Workers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,381 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $44.7 thousand.
-- Health Educator have an average for 2007 of 61,290 jobs and 2,588 job openings. Health Educator have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,515 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $42.9 thousand.
These jobs are primarily in health care office practices, hospitals, nursing care and social services with a few variations. Some occupations like therapist have many who are independent practitioners, or self employed. Athletic trainers are evenly split between health care, leisure and sports, and education.
DEGREES
75. Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General (51.00) Degrees
1,844 of 2,252 BA degrees in Health Services/Allied Health/Health Sciences, General 51.00 could fill 100% of 1,844 forecasted openings in one health occupation, Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other.
76. Allied Health Diagnostic, Intervention & Treatment Professions (51.09) Degrees
750 of 6,159 BA degrees in Allied Health Diagnostic, Intervention and Treatment Professions 51.09 could fill 100% of 750 forecasted openings in one health occupation, Athletic Trainer.
77. Clinical/Medical Laboratory Science and Allied Professions (51.10) Degrees
All 2,073 Clinical/Medical BA degrees in Laboratory Science and Allied Professions (51.10) could fill 33% of 6,370 openings in one health occupation, Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists.
78. Mental and Social Health Services and Allied professions (51.15) Degrees
All 1,672 BA degrees in Mental and Social Health Services and Allied professions 51.15 could fill the remaining 35% of 4,783 forecasted openings in one health occupation, Medical and Public Health Social Workers. See also 67. Social Work(44.07)
79. Nursing (51.16) Degrees
All 53,600 BA degrees in Nursing (51.16) were could fill 51% of 104,688 openings in one health occupation, Registered Nursing.
80. Public Health (51.22) Degrees All 2,095 BA degrees in Public Health 51.22 could fill 81% of 2,588 forecasted openings in one health occupation, which is Health Educator.
81. Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions (51.23) Degrees
2,979 of 3,397 BA degrees in Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions 51.23 were assigned to 5 health occupations.
First, 639 of the Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions (51.23) BA degrees could fill 100% of 639 forecasted openings as Recreational Therapists.
Second, 582 of the remaining Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions (51.23) BA degrees could fill 100% of 582 forecasted of the openings as Therapists, All Other.
Third, 146 of the remaining Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions (51.23) BA degrees could fill 100% of 146 forecasted openings as Orthotists and Prosthetists.
Fourth, 1,253 of the remaining Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions (51.23) BA degrees could fill 100% of 1,253 forecasted openings as Occupational Health and Safety Specialists.
Five, 362 of the remaining Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Professions (51.23) BA degrees could fill 100% of 362 forecasted openings as Occupational Health and Safety Technicians.
82. Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Services (51.31) Degrees
All 1,691 BA degrees in Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Services 51.31 could fill 92% of 1,834 forecasted openings in one health occupation, Dietitians and Nutritionists. See also 50. Foods, Nutrition, and related Services(19.05)
83. Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, Other (51.99) Degrees
1,658 of 3,172 BA degrees in Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences, Other 51.99 could fill 100% of 1,658 forecasted openings in one occupation, Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other.
Back to 51-Health Professions Back to degrees
52-BUSINESS
Business programs had 317,391 BA degrees in 21 degree programs, which are 21.37% of all BA degree graduates. BA Business degrees show a 5 year average increase of 11,347 degrees.
The match and summary of 208,796 BA degree graduates in 5 of the 21 BA degree programs that qualify to fill 199,503 openings in 3 Managerial, 7 Business Operations, 12 Financial and 2 Sales Occupations using BA degree skills are below.
New BA degrees in ALL Business programs outnumber job openings using BA degree skills by a Degree/Opening ratio of 1.6 to 1, or 317,391 to 199,503. For new BA degrees in the 5 BA programs mentioned above and detailed below the Degree/Openings ratio is 1.05 to 1, or 208,796 to 199,503. BA degrees are in BALANCE with openings. However, 146,400 Master in Business Administration graduates complicate the job picture. While some of the MBA graduates already have jobs and many managerial jobs are only open to those with MBA's more of those with BA degrees in business compete with MBA graduates for jobs. BA business degree graduates should expect some delays and opportunities limited to those with MBA degrees.
MANAGERIAL OCCUPATIONS
-- Construction Managers have an average for 2007 of 216,120 jobs and 11,013 job openings. Construction Managers have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median wages in 2007 are $76.2 thousand.
-- Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers have an average for 2007 of 159,660 jobs and 7,703 job openings. Property, Real Estate and Community Association Managers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,046 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $43.7 thousand.
-- Social and Community Service Managers have an average for 2007 of 112,330 jobs and 5,305 job openings. Social and Community Service Managers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 2,696 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $54.5 thousand.
BUSINESS OPERATIONS OCCUPATIONS
-- Cost Estimators have an average for 2007 of 219,070 jobs and 8,596 job openings. Cost estimators have been increasing at an annual average increase of 3,236 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $54.9 thousand.
-- Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists have an average for 2007 of 193,620 jobs and 6,091 job openings. Employment, Recruitment, and Placement Specialists jobs have been increasing at an annual average of 794 from 2000 and 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $44.4 thousand.
-- Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists have an average for 2007 of 109,870 jobs and 3,408 job openings. Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 3,690 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $52.2 thousand.
-- Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other have an average for 2007 of 211,770 jobs and 6,641 job openings. Human Resources, Training, & Labor Relations Specialists, All Other have been increasing at an annual average increase of 13,210 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $54.3 thousand.
-- Logisticians have an average for 2007 of 90,340 jobs and 2,653 job openings. Logisticians have been increasing at an annual average increase of 9,475 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $64.3 thousand.
-- Meeting and Convention Planners have an average for 2007 of 45,490 jobs and 1,997 job openings. Meeting and Convention Planners have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,927 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $43.5 thousand.
-- Business Operation Specialists, All Other have an average for 2007 of 1,017,640 jobs and 37,192 job openings. Business Operations Specialists have been increasing at an annual average increase of 42,600 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $57 thousand.
FINANCIAL OCCUPATIONS
-- Accountants and Auditors have an average for 2007 of 1,115,010 jobs and 42,587 job openings. Accountants and auditors have been increasing at an annual average increase of 35,956 from 2000 to 2007. Median wages for accountants and auditors is $57 thousand.
-- Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate have an average for 2007 of 66,210 jobs and 3,038 job openings. Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,807 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $46.1 thousand.
-- Budget Analysts have an average for 2007 of 62,400 jobs and 1,332 job openings. Budget Analysts have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $63.4 thousand.
-- Credit Analysts have an average for 2007 of 70,890 jobs and 1,046 job openings. Credit Analysts have been increasing at an annual average increase of 1,067 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $54.6 thousand.
-- Financial Analysts have an average for 2007 of 228,300 jobs and 10,101 job openings. Financial Analysts have been increasing at an annual average increase of 9,830 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $66.7 thousand.
-- Personal Financial Advisors have an average for 2007 of 132,460 jobs and 8,609 job openings. Personal Financial Advisors have been increasing at an annual average increase of 7,863 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $67.7 thousand.
-- Insurance Underwriters have an average for 2007 of 98,920 jobs and 2,401 job openings. Insurance Underwriters have been increasing at an annual average increase of 407 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $54.5 thousand.
-- Financial Examiners have an average for 2007 of 25,510 jobs and 799 job openings. Financial Examiners have been increasing at an annual average increase of 279 from 2000 to 2007. $66.7 thousand.
-- Loan Counselors have an average for 2007 of 30,150 jobs and 591 job openings. Loan Counselors have been increasing at an annual average increase of 664 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $36.5 thousand.
-- Loan Officers have an average for 2007 of 356,990 jobs and 9,427 job openings. Loan Officers have been increasing at an annual average increase of 21,923 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $53 thousand.
-- Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents and 65,750 jobs and job openings. Tax Examiners, Collectors & Revenue Agents have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $46.9 thousand.
-- Financial Specialists, All Other have an average for 2007 of 136,570 jobs and 3,514 job openings. Financial Specialists, All Other have been increasing at an annual average increase of 4,200 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $55.4 thousand.
SALES OCCUPATIONS
-- Insurance Sales Agents have an average for 2007 of 321,920 jobs and 13,031 job openings. Insurance sales agents have been increasing at an annual average increase of 11,584 from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $44.1 thousand.
-- Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents have an average for 2007 of 268,480 jobs and 10,582 job openings. Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents have been decreasing from 2000 to 2007. Median salaries in 2007 are $68.4 thousand.
DEGREES
84. Business Administration (52.02) Degrees
117,254 of 135,807 BA degrees in 52.02 Business Administration could fill job openings in 13 managerial, business operations and sales occupations.
First, 11,013 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 11,013 forecasted openings as Construction Managers.
Second, 7,703 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 7,703 forecasted openings as Property, Real Estate, & Community Assoc Managers.
Third, 5,305 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 5,305 forecasted openings as Social and Community Service Managers.
Fourth, 8,596 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 8,596 forecasted openings as Cost Estimators.
Fifth, 6,173 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 93% of 6,641 forecasted openings as Human Resources, Training, and Labor Relations Specialists, All Other. See also 87. Human Resources Management and Services(52.10)
Sixth, 2,653 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 2,653 forecasted openings as Logisticians.
Seventh, 1,997 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 1,997 forecasted openings as Meeting and Convention Planners.
Eighth, 37,192 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 37,192 forecasted openings as Business Operation Specialists, All Other.
Ninth, 7,650 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill the remaining 81% of 9,427 forecasted openings as Loan Officers. See also 86. Finance and Financial Management52.08
Tenth, 1,855 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 1,855 forecasted openings as Tax Examiners, Collectors & Revenue Agents.
Eleventh, 3,514 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 3,514 forecasted openings as Financial Specialists, All Other.
Twelfth, 13,021 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02) BA degrees could fill 100% of 13,021 forecasted openings as Insurance Sales Agents.
Thirteenth, 10,582 of the 135,807 Business Administration (52.02)BA degrees could fill 100% of 10,582 forecasted openings as Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents.
85. Accounting and Related Programs (52.03) Degrees
All 41,276 BA degrees in Accounting and Related Programs 52.03 could fill 97% of 42,587 forecasted openings in one Finance occupation, Accounting and Auditing.
86. Finance and Financial Management (52.08) Degrees
All 29,654 BA degrees in 52.08 Finance and Financial Management were assigned to job openings in 9 Finance occupations.
First, 3,038 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of 3,038 forecasted openings as Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate.
Second, 1,332 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of openings as Budget Analysts.
Third, 1,046 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of 1,046 forecasted openings as Credit Analysts.
Fourth, 10,101 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of 10,101 forecasted openings as Financial Analysts.
Fifth, 8,609 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of 8,609 forecasted openings as Personal Financial Advisors.
Sixth, 2,401 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of 2,401 forecasted openings as Insurance Underwriters.
Seventh, 799 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of 799 forecasted openings as Financial Examiners.
Eighth, 591 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 100% of 591 forecasted openings as Loan Counselors.
Ninth, 1,755 of the 29,654 Finance and Financial Management (52.08) BA degrees could fill 19% of 9,427 forecasted openings as Loan Officers. See also 84. Business Administration(52.02)
87. Human Resources Management and Services (52.10) Degrees
All 9,967 BA degrees in 52.10 Human Resources Management and Services were assigned to job openings in 3 Business Operations Occupations.
First, 6,091 of the 9,967 Human Resources Management and Services (52.10) BA degrees could fill 100% of 6,091 forecasted openings as Employment, Recruitment, & Placement Specialists.
Second, 3,408 of the 9,967 Human Resources Management and Services (52.10) BA degrees could fill 100% of 3,408 forecasted openings as Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists.
Third, 468 of the remaining 9,967 Human Resources Management and Services (52.10) BA degrees could fill 7% of the remaining 6,641 forecasted openings as Human Resources, Training, & Labor Relations Specialists, All Other. See also 84. Business Administration (52.02)
88. Management Information Systems and Services (52.12) Degrees
All 10,605 BA degrees in 52.12 Management Information Systems and Services could fill 55% of the remaining 19,090 forecasted openings as Computer Systems Analysts. See also 16. Computer Systems Analysis (11.05)
Back to 52-Business Back to degrees
Part II. Matching Occupations Using BA Degree Skills to BA Degree Program Graduates
MANAGEMENT OCCUPATIONS
Go to Construction Managers
Go to Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers
Go to Social and Community Service Managers
BUSINESS OPERATIONS OCCUPATIONS
Go to Cost Estimators
Go to Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists
Go to Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists
Go to Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists, all other
Go to Logisticians
Go to Meeting and Convention Planners
Go to Business Operation Specialists, All Other
FINANCE OCCUPATIONS
Go to Accountants and Auditors
Go to Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate
Go to Budget Analysts
Go to Credit Analysts
Go to Financial analysts
Go to Personal Financial Advisors
Go to Insurance Underwriters
Go to Financial Examiners
Go to Loan Counselors
Go to Loan officers
Go to Tax Examiners, Collectors, and Revenue Agents
Go to Financial Specialists, All Other
COMPUTING OCCUPATIONS
Go to Computer Software Engineers-Applications
Go to Computer Programmers
Go to Database Administrators
Go to Computer Software Engineers-Systems Software
Go to Computer Systems Analysts Computer Systems Analysts
Go to Network Systems and Data Communications
Go to Network and Computer Systems Administrators
MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS OCCUPATIONS
ARCHITECTURE AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
Go to Architect, Except Landscape Architect
Go to Landscape Architect
Go to Surveyor
Go to Cartographers and Photogrammetrists
ENGINEERING OCCUPATIONS
Go to Aerospace Engineer
Go to Agricultural Engineer
Go to Biomedical, Engineer
Go to Chemical Engineer
Go to Civil Engineer
Go to Computer Hardware Engineer
Go to Electrical Engineer
Go to Electronics Engineer
Go to Environmental Engineer
Go to Health and Safety Engineer
Go to Industrial Engineer
Go to Mechanical Engineer
Go to Materials Engineer
Go to Mining-Geological Engineer
Go to Marine Engineer
Go to Nuclear Engineer
Go to Petroleum Engineers
Go to Engineers, All Other
LIFE SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS
Go to Animal Scientist
Go to Food Scientist and Technologists
Go to Soil and Plant Scientist
Go to Conservation Scientist
Go to Forester
Go to Zoologists and Wildlife
Go to Life Scientist, All Other
Go to Biological Technicians
Go to Forensic Science Technician Or Go to Forensic Science Technician#2
PHYSICAL SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS
Go to Atmospheric and Space Scientists
Go to Chemists
Go to Materials Scientists
Go to Physical Scientists
SOCIAL SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS
Go to Survey Researchers
Go to Market Research Analyst
SOCIAL SERVICE OCCUPATIONS
Go to Substance Abuse & Behavioral Disorder Counselors
Go to Child, family, and school social workers
Go to Medical and Public Health Social Workers Or Go to Medical and Public Health Social Workers#2
Go to Social Workers, All Other
Go to Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other
Go to Health Educator
Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists
LEGAL SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS
Go to Paralegals and Legal Assistants
Go to Law Clerks
EDUCATION AND TRAINING OCCUPATIONS
Go to Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education
Go to Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education
Go to Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational
Go to Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational
Go to Special Education Teachers
Go to Adult Literacy, Remedial Education and GED Teachers
Go to Teachers and Instructors, All Other
Go to Education, Training and Library Workers, All Other
Go to Farm and Home Management Advisors
LIBRARIAN, CURATOR AND ARCHIVIST OCCUPATIONS
Go to Museum Technicians and Conservators
ART AND DESIGN OCCUPATIONS
Go to Multi-Media Artists and Animators
Go to Commercial and Industrial Designers
Go to Graphic Designers
Go to Designers, All Other
Go to Set and Exhibit Designers
Go to Film and Video Editors
ENTERTAINERS AND PERFORMERS INCLUDING SPORTS OCCUPATIONS
MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS OCCUPATIONS
Go to Reporters and Correspondents
Go to Public Relations Specialists
Go to Editors
Go to Technical Writers
Or Go to Technical Writers#2
Go to Writers and Authors
HEALTH DIAGNOSING AND TREATING PRACTITIONER OCCUPATIONS
Go to Dietitians and Nutritionists OR Go to
Go to Recreational Therapists
Go to Registered Nurses
Go to Health Diagnosing and Treating Practitioners, All Other
HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS
Go to Medical & Clinical Laboratory Technologists
Go to Orthotists & Prosthetists
Go to Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Go to Occupational Health and Safety Technicians
Go to Athletic Trainers
Go to Healthcare Practitioners & Technical Workers, All Other
SALES AND RELATED OCCUPATIONS
Go to Insurance Sales Agents
Go to Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents
Go to Sales Engineers
back to links back to Part 1 back to Part 2 top
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
