Friday, January 9, 2026

Labor Line

March 2026_________________________ 

Labor line has job news and commentary with a one stop short cut for America’s job markets and job related data including the latest data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 

This month's job and employment summary data are below and this month's inflation data is below that. 

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The BLS Establishment Job Report with data released March 6, 2026.

  GRINDING DOWNWARD

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) published its March report for jobs in February. The Household survey for March shows the civilian population increased by 90 thousand but only 18 thousand new entrants into the labor force. The 18 thousand total divides into a 203 thousand increase in the unemployed and a 185 thousand decrease in the employed. The large increase in the unemployed and large decrease in the employed combined to increase the unemployment rate .1% to 4.4%. The labor force participation rate decreased .1% to 62.0 percent, a very low rate.

The seasonally adjusted total of establishment employment was down 92 thousand for March. The decrease was 61 thousand fewer jobs in the private service sector combined with a decrease of 25 thousand jobs from goods production. The total of 86 thousand jobs lost in the private sector combined with a(n) decrease of 6 thousand government service jobs accounts for the total decrease.

Goods production decreased by 25 thousand jobs with decreases coming in all three subsectors. Natural resources dropped 2 thousand jobs and even construction lost 11 thousand jobs where specialty trade contractors lost 10.9 thousand jobs after last month’s increase. Construction of buildings added 6.5 thousand jobs offset by heavy and engineering construction down the same 6.5 thousand jobs. Manufacturing had a net loss of 12 thousand jobs with durable goods employment down 4 thousand of the jobs; non-durable goods production did poorly with a decline of 8 thousand jobs. Among durable goods no sub sector did well but fabricated metal products added 2.1 thousand jobs and machinery manufacturing added another thousand jobs with job losses in remaining sub sectors. Among non-durable goods, chemical manufacturing added a thousand jobs but no non durable sub sectors did well with eight of ten sub sectors losing jobs.

Government service employment decreased a net of 6 thousand jobs, a smaller decline than last month. The federal government added 5.5 thousand postal employees, although their employment remains under 600 thousand, but federal service jobs were down 15.1 thousand leaving a net federal government loss of 9.6 thousand jobs. State government jobs were up 5 thousand offset by local government down a thousand jobs. State and local government jobs excluding education decreased 2.9 thousand. State public education was up 7.2 thousand jobs; local government education was up 500 jobs. Private sector education declined 15.7 thousand jobs, an unusually large loss after last month’s gain, which brings the total of education to a decrease of 8 thousand seasonally adjusted jobs.

Finance and real estate took first place for private service sector job gains with 10.2 thousand new jobs, a small increase and a quite unusual occurrence for finance and real estate to have the most new jobs. Finance and insurance had 4.6 thousand of the new jobs; real estate increased by 6.1 thousand jobs. Rental and leasing services declined slightly, down 300 jobs. The other services category had a modest increase of 8 thousand jobs where repair and maintenance services had 6.4 thousand of the new jobs, and also small job increases in personal and laundry services and non-profit associations, both up slightly.

Otherwise all sub sectors lost jobs starting with the 27.1 thousand jobs lost in leisure and hospitality. While the arts, entertainment and recreation sub sector had 7.6 thousand new jobs, there were big losses in accommodations and restaurants: accommodations down 5 thousand jobs, restaurants down 29.7 thousand jobs.

Health care had an unusual and ominous job decline with a net job loss of 18.6 thousand jobs. Part of the loss came from a California strike of physicians where ambulatory care employment declined by 34 thousand jobs. There was an additional 5.6 thousand decrease in nursing and residential care. Two of the four of the health care subsectors had more jobs. Hospitals did well adding 11.6 thousand jobs and social assistance services added 9.4 thousand jobs with individual and family services increasing by 12.4 thousand jobs offset with small job declines in other social services.

Professional and business services were down a net 5 thousand jobs, a modest decline compared with recent months. The professional and technical service sub sector was up 11.1 thousand jobs; management of companies was off 2.0 thousand jobs. The third sub sector, administrative and support services including waste management, lost another 14.3 thousand jobs.

Among professional and technical services, computer systems and design services added 5.9 thousand new jobs; legal services added 2.6 thousand jobs. Management, scientific and technical consulting had 1.4 thousand new jobs among small job losses in other sub sectors. Among administrative support services, only waste management did well with 4.5 thousand new jobs. Otherwise none of the support sub sectors did well with services to buildings down 10.5 thousand jobs and business support services down 4.3 thousand jobs.

Trade, transportation and utilities had a net loss of 2 thousand jobs but wholesale and retail trade had a net job gain: wholesale up 6 thousand, retail up 2.3 thousand. Among modal transportation, air transportation had job gains of 5.1 thousand jobs, but none of the other modal sub sectors did well with small ups and downs. Jobs as couriers and messengers were off 16.6 thousand jobs while warehousing and storage offset the losses, adding a modest 2.3 thousand new jobs. Utilities picked up 1.3 thousand jobs, a third month of increase.

Information services declined 11 thousand jobs with motion picture and sound recording down 9.5 thousand jobs; computing, data processing, web hosting and web search portals, libraries and archives was the only information service to add jobs, but only 1.2 thousand.

The economy lost 92 thousand jobs for February. Establishment employment in February was reported as 158.466 million with an annual growth rate decline of -.70 percent. The economy has done remarkably well given a year of steady abuse by Trump. A steep recession or severe decline does not look likely, but there is no sign either that jobs will do well in the coming months. Make note that professional and business services had a year over year decline of 209 thousand jobs, a new and never before job loss. Month to month job declines appear likely after a year of policy misconduct. This month’s job total is only 156 thousand above February a year ago and 1.228 million jobs above February two years ago.  The 156 thousand number is extremely low for a year of new jobs, and even lower than last month. It contrasts with yearly increases were over a million during the Biden administration.


March Details 

Jobs

Total Non-Farm Establishment Jobs down 92,000 to 158,466,000

Total Private Jobs down 86,000 to 135,143,000

Total Government Employment down 6,000 to 23,323,000 Note 

Civilian Non-Institutional Population up 90 thousand to 274,766,000

Civilian Labor Force up 18 thousand to 170,483,000

Employed down 185 thousand to 162,912,000

Employed Men down 138 thousand to 85,210,000

Employed Women down 47 thousand to 77,702,000

Unemployed up 203 thousand to 7,571,000

Not in the Labor Force up 72 thousand to 104,283,000

Unemployment Rate went up .1% to 4.4% 7,571/170,483

Labor Force Participation Rate went down .1% to 62.0%, or 170,483/274,766

Summaries by Industry

Non Farm Total -92

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported Non-Farm employment for establishments decreased from January by 92 thousand jobs for a(n) February total of 158.466 million. (Note 1 below) A decrease of 92 thousand each month for the next 12 months represents an annual growth rate of -.70% The annual growth rate from a year ago beginning February 2025 was +.10%; the average annual growth rate from 5 years ago beginning February 2021 was +1.97%; from 15 years ago beginning February 2011 it was +1.27%. The higher five year growth rate derives from the low Pandemic employment. America needs growth around 1.5 percent a year to keep itself employed.

Sector breakdown for 12 Sectors in 000’s of jobs 

1. Natural Resources -2

Natural Resources jobs including logging and mining decreased 2 thousand from January with 600 thousand jobs in February. A decrease of 2 thousand jobs each month for the next 12 months would be an annual growth rate of -3.99 percent.   Natural resource jobs were down 22 thousand from a year ago. Jobs in 2000 averaged around 600 thousand with little prospect for growth.  This is the smallest of 12 major sectors of the economy with .4 percent of establishment jobs.

2. Construction -11

Construction jobs were down 11 thousand from January with 8.309 million jobs in February. A decrease of 11 thousand jobs each month for the next 12 months would be an annual growth rate of -1.59 percent.  Construction jobs are up 42 thousand for the 12 months just ended. The growth rate for the last 15 years is 2.85%. Construction jobs rank 9th among the 12 sectors with 5.2 percent of non-farm employment.

3. Manufacturing -12

Manufacturing jobs were down 12 thousand from January with 12.573 million jobs in February. A decrease of 12 thousand jobs each month for the next 12 months would be an annual growth rate of -1.14 percent.  Manufacturing jobs were down for the last 12 months by 98 thousand. The growth rate for the last 15 years is +.52%. Manufacturing ranks 6th among 12 major sectors in the economy with 8.0 percent of establishment jobs.

4. Trade, Transportation & Utility -2

Trade, both wholesale and retail, transportation and utility employment were down 2 thousand jobs from January with 28.615 million jobs in February. A decrease of 2 thousand jobs each month for the next 12 months would be an annual growth rate of -.08 percent. Jobs are down by 191 thousand for last 12 months. Growth rates for the last 15 years are +.97 percent. Jobs in these sectors rank first as the biggest sectors with combined employment of 18.2 percent of total establishment employment.

5. Information Services -11

Information Services employment was down by 11 thousand jobs from January with 2.812 million jobs in February.  (Note 2 below)  A decrease of 11 thousand jobs each month for the next 12 months would be an annual growth rate of –4.68 percent. Jobs are down by 64 thousand for the last 12 months. Information jobs reached 3.7 million at the end of 2000, but started dropping, reaching 3 million by 2004 but has stayed close to 3.0 million in the last decade. Information Services is a small sector ranking 11th of 12 with 1.8 percent of establishment jobs.

6. Financial Activities +10

Financial Activities jobs were up by 10 thousand jobs from January to 9.166 million in February. An increase of 10 thousand jobs for the next 12 months would be an annual growth rate of +1.31 percent. Jobs are down by 33 thousand for the last 12 months.  (Note 3 below) This sector also includes real estate as well as real estate lending. The 15 year growth rate is +1.19 percent. Financial activities rank 8th of 12 with 5.8 percent of establishment jobs.

7. Business and Professional Services -5

Business and Professional Service jobs went down 5 thousand from January to 22.385 million in February. A decrease of 5 thousand each month for the next 12 months would be an annual growth rate of -.27 percent. Jobs are down 209 thousand for the last 12 months. Note 4 The annual growth rate for the last 15 years was -.27 percent. It ranks as 2nd among the 12 sectors now. It was 2nd in 1993, when manufacturing was bigger and third rank now with 14.2 percent of establishment employment. 

8. Education including public and private -8

Education jobs were down 8 thousand jobs from January at 14.885 million in February. A decrease of 8 thousand jobs each month for the next 12 months would be an annual growth rate of -.64 percent. These include public and private education. Jobs are down 11 thousand for the last 12 months. (note 5) The 15 year growth rate equals +.64 percent. Education ranks 5th among 12 sectors with 9.3 percent of establishment jobs.

9. Health Care -19

Health care jobs were down 19 thousand from January to 23.685 million in February. A decrease of 19 thousand each month for the next 12 months would be an annual growth rate of -.94 percent. Jobs are up 677 thousand for the last 12 months. (note 6)  The health care long term 15-year growth rate has been +2.26 percent lately compared to -.94 percent for this month’s jobs. Health care ranks 2nd of 12 with 14.5 percent of establishment jobs.

10. Leisure and hospitality -27

Leisure and hospitality jobs were down 27 thousand from January to 16.922 million in February.  (note 7) A decrease of 27 thousand each month for the next 12 months would be an annual growth rate of -1.91 percent. Jobs are down 9 thousand for the last 12 months. More than 80 percent of leisure and hospitality are accommodations and restaurants assuring that most of the new jobs are in restaurants. Leisure and hospitality ranks 4th of 12 with 10.7 percent of establishment jobs. It moved up to 7th from 4th in the pandemic decline.

11. Other +8

Other Service jobs, which include repair, maintenance, personal services and non-profit organizations were up 8 thousand from January to 6.039 million in February. An increase of 8 thousand each month for the next 12 months would be an annual growth rate of +1.39 percent. Jobs are up 62 thousand for the last 12 months. (Note 8) Other services had +.83 percent growth for the last 15 years. These sectors rank 10th of 12 with 3.8 percent of total non-farm establishment jobs.

12. Government, excluding education -13

Government service employment went down 13 thousand from January at 12.475 million jobs in February. A decrease of 13 thousand each month for the next 12 months would be an annual growth rate of –1.24 percent. Jobs are down 244 thousand for the last 12 months.  (note 9) Government jobs excluding education tend to increase slowly with a 15 year growth rate of +.31 percent. Government, excluding education, ranks 7th of 12 with 8.0 percent of total non-farm establishment jobs.

Prices and inflation measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for all Urban Consumers was up by a monthly average of 2.9 percent for 2025. 

The CPI February report for the 12 months ending with January shows the 

CPI for All Items was up 3.0% 

CPI for Food and Beverages was up 3.0% 

CPI for Housing was up 3.6% 

CPI for Apparel was up .6% 

CPI for Transportation including gasoline was up .4% 

CPI for Medical Care was up 3.2% 

CPI for Recreation was up 3.0% 

CPI for Education was up 2.9% 

CPI for Communication was down 1.5% 

Sector Notes__________________________


(1) The total cited above is non-farm establishment employment that counts jobs and not people. If one person has two jobs then two jobs are counted. It excludes agricultural employment and the self employed. Out of a total of people employed agricultural employment typically has about 1.5 percent, the self employed about 6.8 percent, the rest make up wage and salary employment. Jobs and people employed are close to the same, but not identical numbers because jobs are not the same as people employed: some hold two jobs. Remember all these totals are jobs. back

(2) Information Services is part of the new North American Industry Classification System(NAICS). It includes firms or establishments in publishing, motion picture & sound recording, broadcasting, Internet publishing and broadcasting, telecommunications, ISPs, web search portals, data processing, libraries, archives and a few others.back

(3) Financial Activities includes deposit and non-deposit credit firms, most of which are still known as banks, savings and loan and credit unions, but also real estate firms and general and commercial rental and leasing.back

(4) Business and Professional services includes the professional areas such as legal services, architecture, engineering, computing, advertising and supporting services including office services, facilities support, services to buildings, security services, employment agencies and so on.back

(5) Education includes private and public education. Therefore education job totals include public schools and colleges as well as private schools and colleges. back

(6) Health care includes ambulatory care, private hospitals, nursing and residential care, and social services including child care. back

(7) Leisure and hospitality has establishment with arts, entertainment and recreation which has performing arts, spectator sports, gambling, fitness centers and others, which are the leisure part. The hospitality part has accommodations, motels, hotels, RV parks, and full service and fast food restaurants. back

(8) Other is a smorgasbord of repair and maintenance services, especially car repair, personal services and non-profit services of organizations like foundations, social advocacy and civic groups, and business, professional, labor unions, political groups and political parties. back

(9) Government job totals include federal, state, and local government administrative work but without education jobs. back

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Notes

Jobs are not the same as employment because jobs are counted once but one person could have two jobs adding one to employment but two to jobs. Also the employment numbers include agricultural workers, the self employed, unpaid family workers, household workers and those on unpaid leave. Jobs are establishment jobs and non-other. back

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Monday, January 5, 2026

Woodrow Wilson: The Light Withdrawn

Christopher Cox, Woodrow Wilson: The Light Withdrawn, (NY: Simon & Shuster, 2024), ISBN 978-1-6680-1078-5

This new biography of Woodrow Wilson gets its subtitle from the first line of the John Greenleaf Whittier poem “Ichabod.”

So Fallen! So lost! The light withdrawn

Which once he wore!

The Glory from his gray hairs gone

Forevermore!

Biographies of presidents typically emphasize their time in office and the political events they pursue, but this biography concentrates on racial and gender discrimination during Woodrow Wilson’s life and how he addressed them before and after he became president The book covers 495 pages with the narrative partitioned into four parts. Part I begins with a summary discussion of the early crusade against slavery and women’s suffrage movement before turning to Wilson’s 1856 birth, early life, education, a brief year practicing law, marriage and accepting faculty posts teaching at Bryn Mawr, Wesleyan University, and Princeton University; he accepted the Princeton Board’s offer to be their president in June 1902.

Other Wilson biographies write extensively of his legislative record: the Federal Reserve Act, Clayton Antitrust Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, and progressive income tax, but none of that appears in this Cox biography. Instead, the narrative through the book emphasizes the documented record of Wilson’s personal relations with family and friends and with university scholars and politicians, both his supporters and detractors. Beginning with his academic years he published books of history and politics in 1885, 1889, 1893, 1897, and 1902. Cox scoured these works and Wilson’s other writing, archival letters, relationships, and associations. The narrative returns repeatedly to the published record of his racial views and his decades long opposition to woman’s suffrage.

The chapters of Part I offer a sampling of Woodrow Wilson’s views during Reconstruction and the early Jim Crow south. He predicts the right to vote without regard to race would “make the ‘disintegration of southern society’ and the ‘irretrievable’ alienation of ‘the white men of the South,’ its ‘real leaders.’” In his History of the American People he explained “It is ‘the mere instinct of self-preservation’ that forced ‘the white men of the South’ to do everything within their power to restore white supremacy ‘by means fair or foul.’”  Wilson’s apologizes for the Ku Klux Klan admitting “the Klansmen ‘took the law into their own hands,’ but undertook ‘by intimidation what they were not allowed to attempt by the ballot.’” He concluded the Klan was “really ‘for the mere pleasure of association, for private amusement.’” Cox provides a thorough narrative of his discomfort and unlikely appointment to teach at Bryn Mawr, a women’s college. Bryn Mawr documents an early episode of a long trail of evidence documenting Wilson’s refusal to accept women as equals.

Part II offers a discussion of him as Princeton President, elected Governor of New Jersey and first term as president. His years in politics forced him to take positions and make decisions on race and woman’s suffrage rather than write or ventilate about them. Cox quotes Wilson as telling his gubernatorial campaign manager he was “definitely and irreconcilably opposed to woman suffrage” and that “woman’s place was in the home.” His writing and documented decisions find him opposed to admitting black men to Princeton, opposing unions, opposing immigrants and purging the federal government of black employees while arranging to have the racist film “Birth of a Nation” shown at the White House.

Available evidence permits Cox to give readers an idea of Wilson in his personal life. Hundreds of letters survive to and from his two wives, Ellen Axxon and Edith Galt, and a third relationship with Mary Peck Hulbert. In letters to Ellen, he wrote “Marriage alone was a woman’s ‘essential condition’ for the performance of her ‘proper duties.’” Readers learn Wilson leaves on vacations without Ellen such as one to Bermuda where he meets Mary Peck and starts an indeterminate relationship of eight years documented with 700 letters. We learn of the personal Wilson, a man of “immutable routines,” who enjoys taking afternoon drives and plays golf as part of his daily schedule, finishing 1,200 rounds of golf as president.

Part III, entitled Holding Back the Tide, covers December 1916 to December 1917, a period that energized the Women’s suffrage movement with intensified political pressure to secure national voting rights. Cox covers their campaign thoroughly. Readers meet many women, the groups they organize and the protest marches and demonstrations they conduct. During this period, Wilson reversed his pledge to keep America out of WWI. He prevailed on Congress to declare war to make the world “Safe for Democracy” while simultaneously demanding to silence opposition to American entry into WWI in a well-documented campaign of repression and censorship. During this period the war became an excuse for Wilson to repress and censor woman demonstrating for voting rights. Cox narrates Wilson’s deliberate use of arrest, intimidation and violence to end street protest that included periods of physical abuse in jails and forced feeding of hunger strikers.

Part IV has the remaining years of his second term. By this time women had the right to vote in 13 states, including New York, increasing the political risk to Democratic party opponents of voting. Then Republicans took over the House and Senate in the November 1918 election. When WWI ended November 11, Wilson insisted on going to Paris to negotiate the peace treaty and establish a League of Nations instead of staying home to confront domestic turmoil, especially passing a federal budget, inflation and violent race riots. Cox tells the remaining story of Wilson maneuvering within his administration and his posturing in the House and Senate in the political fight to secure voting rights for woman. Cox gives details of the Congressional debate and final votes in June 1919. Tennessee became the last state to ratify the Susan B. Anthony Amendment that finally became part of the U.S. Constitution August 18, 1920. The narrative ends here, or rather just stops.

Over many years I have read dozens of biographies of Presidents including Woodrow Wilson. None I know of leave out so much of their political record to focus on the man and the ethical principles that drive their decisions and their conduct as this biography. Any illusion that Woodrow Wilson was a confident, accepting and fair-minded gentleman disappears in this Cox biography. The glory from his gray hairs gone. Forevermore!